Ch.10 Classification Of Microorganims

Question 1

~Taxonomy id the science of classifying —
* Shows degree of similarity among —
* Also provides a —— for identifying organisms already classified
* Provides — for clarifying the — of organisms as well as their interrelationships

Answer 1

1. Organisms
2. Common Reference
3. Tolls, evolution

Question 2

—, or —, is the study of the evolutionary history of organisms

Answer 2

1. Systematics
2. Phylogeny

Question 3

The Three Domains:
~ Developed by Woese in 1978; based on sequences of — in —
~ Eukarya: —,—,—
~ —
~ Archaea: —,——,—

Answer 3

1. Nucleotides, rRNA
2. Animals, plants, fungi
3. Bacteria
4. Methanogens, Extreme Halophiles, Hyperthermophiles

Question 4

The Three Domains:
~ Eukaryotes originated from — of prokaryotic ——
~ —— developed into organelles

Answer 4

1. Infolding’s, Plasma Membranes
2. Endosymbiosis Bacteria

Question 5

Eukaryotic Species: a group of closely related organisms that — with each other but do not breed with individuals of another —

Answer 5

1. Interbreed
2. SPecies

Question 6

Similar species are grouped into a —

Answer 6

Genus

Question 7

Similar genera are grouped into a —

Answer 7

Family

Question 8

Families are grouped into an —

Answer 8

Order

Question 9

Orders are grouped into a —

Answer 9

Class

Question 10

Classes are grouped into a —

Answer 10

Phylum

Question 11

Phyla are grouped into a —

Answer 11

Kingdom

Question 12

Kingdoms are grouped into a —

Answer 12

Domain

Question 13

~Prokaryotic Species: a population of cells with ——
* Culture: bacteria grown in ——
* Clone: — of cells derived for a — parent cell
* Strain: genetically — cells within a —

Answer 13

1. Similar characterstics
2. Laboratory Media
3. Population, Single
4. Different, Clone

Question 14

Classification of Eukaryotes:
~ Protista: a catchall kingdom for a — of organisms; — and —
* Grouped into — based on —

Answer 14

1. Variety, Autotrophic & Heterotrophic
2. Clawed, rRNA

Question 15

Classification of Eukaryotes:
~ Fungi: —; unicellular or multicellular; cell walls of —‘ develop from — or — fragments

Answer 15

1. Chemoheterotrophic
2. Chitin
3. Spores or Hyphal

Question 16

Classification of Eukaryotes:
~ Plantae: —; — cell wall; undergo —

Answer 16

1. Multicellular
2. Cellulose
3. Photosynthesis

Question 17

Classification of Eukaryotes:
~ Animalia: —; — cell walls; —

Answer 17

1. Multicellular
2. No
3. Chemoheterotrophic

Question 18

Classification of Viruses:
~Not a part of any domain; not composed of cells; require a ——
~ Viral Species: — of viruses with — characteristics that occupies a particular ——

Answer 18

1. Host Cell
2. Population, Similar, Ecological Niche

Question 19

Bergen’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology provides —— for identifying — and —

Answer 19

1. Identification Schemes
2. Bacteria & Arachaea

Question 20

Approved Lists of Bacterial Names lists — of — classification

Answer 20

1. Species
2. Known

Question 21

Transport media is used to — and —— to a laboratory

Answer 21

1. Collect
2. Transport
3. Pathogens

Question 22

Morphological Characteristics: useful for identifying —; tell little about phylogenetic relationships

Answer 22

Eukaryotes

Question 23

Differential Staining: — staining, —— staining; not useful for bacteria without ——

Answer 23

1. Gram
2. Acid-Fast
3. Cell Walls

Question 24

Biochemical Tests: determine presence of ——

Answer 24

Bacterial Enzymes

Question 25

Rapid identification methods perform several — test — * Results of each test are asssigned a —

Answer 25

1. Biochemical 2. Simultaneously 3. Number

Question 26

Serology: ~ Science that studies — and —— in — ~ Microorganisms are —, they stimulate the body to form — in serum ~ In an antiserum, a solution of — is tested against an ——

Answer 26

1. Serum, Immune Responses, Serum 2. Antigenic, Antibodies 3. Antibodies, Unknown Bacteria

Question 27

In the slide agglutination test, bacteria agglutinate when mixed with — produced in response to the —

Answer 27

1. Antibodies 2. Bacteria

Question 28

Serological Testing can differentiate between — and — within —

Answer 28

1. Species 2. Strains 3. Species

Question 29

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa): ~ Known — and an unknown type of — are added to a well; a reaction identifies the bacteria

Answer 29

1. Antibodies 2. Bacterium

Question 30

Western Blotting: ~ Identifies — in a patients —; confirms — infection

Answer 30

1. Antibodies 2. Serum 3. HIV

Question 31

Phage Typing: ~ Test for determining which phages a bacterium is — to ~ On a plate, clearing called — appear where phages — and — bacterial cells

Answer 31

1. Susceptible 2. Plaques, Infect & Lyse

Question 32

Fatty Acid Profiles: ~ FAME: ———— provide profiles that are constant for a particular species ~ —— profiles can be used to — some organisms

Answer 32

1. Fatty Acid Methyl Esters 2. Fatty Acid 3. Identify

Question 33

DNA Base Composition: ~ — + — ~ The percentage of GC base pairs in the nucleic acid of cells can be used in the — of organisms ~ Two organisms that are closely related have — amounts of — bases

Answer 33

1. Guanine + Cytosine% 2. Classification 3. Similar, Various

Question 34

DNA Fingerprintings: ~ — of restriction — digest of an organism”s DNA ~ Comparing — from different organisms provides information on genetic — and —

Answer 34

1. Electrophoresis, Enzyme 2. Fragments, Similarities & Differences

Question 35

Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs): ~ Use of PCR to —— of an unknown microorganisms that cannot be —

Answer 35

1. Amplify DNA 2. Cultured

Question 36

Nucleic Acid Hybridization: ~ Measures the ability of of DNA strands from one organism to — with DNA strands of another organism *Greater degree of —, greater degree of —

Answer 36

1. Hybridize 2. Hybridization, Relatedness

Question 37

Nucleic Acid Hybridization: ~ —— uses nucleic acid hybridization to identify unknown microorganisms using ——

Answer 37

1. Southern Blotting 2. DNA Probes

Question 38

DNA Chips: ~ A DNA chip (aka a microarray) contains —— and detects — by — between the probe and DNA in the sample * Detected by —

Answer 38

1. DNA Probes, Pathogens, Hybridization 2. Fluorescence

Question 39

DNA Chips: ~ Ribotyping: —— ~ Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization (FISH) * Fluorescent DNA or RNA probes — the microorganisms being targets * Determines the —, —, and —— of microorganisms in an environment

Answer 39

1. rRNA Sequencing 2. Stain 3. Identity, Abundance, and Relative Activity

Question 40

——: Identification keys based on successive questions

Answer 40

Dichotomous Keys

Question 41

—: maps that show evolutionary relationships among organisms; based on rRNA sequences

Answer 41

Cladograms