Ch.14 Principles Of Disease Flashcards
(62 cards)
Pathology: the study of —
Disease
Etiology: the — of a —
- Cause
- Disease
Pathogenesis: the — of —
- Development
- Disease
Infection: — or — of the body by —
- Invasion or Colonization
- Pathogens
Disease: an — state in which the body in not performing ——
- Abnormal
- Normal Functions
—— may be present for days, weeks, or months
Transient Microbiota
—— permanently colonize the host and do not cause disease under normal conditions
Normal Microbiota
——— analyzes relationships between microbial communities on the body and human health
Human Microbiome Project
Normal Microbiota:
~ Distribution and composition of normal microbiota are determined by many factors
* —, — and — factors, ——, — factors
- Nutrient
- Physical and Chemical Factors
- Host Defenses
- Mechanical Factors
Normal Flora:
~ The microorganisms that live with us — are called our normal biota (normal flora)
~ They thrive and multiply because they are — to life on our bodies
~ When we are healthy, the number of microbial cells in or on our body is —— greater than the number of human cell we are made of
~ Under most circumstances, they ———
- Stably
- Adapted
- 10 times
- Don’t Cause Disease
Normal Flora:
~ A baby begins to acquire its normal microbiota as it passes through the ——
~ Baby can also be infected if — are present, even though the mother shows no symptoms
~ By the time the baby is — week old, the population of microorganisms on the body became similar to population on — humans
- Birth Canal
- Pathogens
- Two
- All
5 Roles of Normal Flora:
1. ——: the most significant role, normal flora protect the host against colonization by pathogen
2. Stimulate ——
3. Provide —— and ——
4. Can be the —— of —
5. Help —
- Microbial Antagonism
- Immune System
- Vitamin B12 and Vitamin K
- Common Source of Infection
- Digestion
—— is a competition between microbes
Microbial Antagonism (competitive exclusion)
Normal microbiota protect the host by:
~ Competing for —
~ Producing substances — to invading microbes
~ Affecting — and available —
- Nutrients
- Harmful
- pH, Oxygen
Symbiosis is the relationship between —— and the —
- Normal Microbiota
- Host
Symbiosis:
~ Commensalism: one organism —, and the other is —
- Benefits
- Unaffected
Symbiosis:
~ Mutualism: both organisms —
Benefit
Symbiosis:
~ Parasitism: one organism — at the — of the —
- Benefits
- Expense
Some normal microbiota are ——
Opportunistic Pathogens
Koch’s Postulate
1. The — pathogen must be present in every case of the disease
2. The pathogen must be — from the diseased host and grown in — culture
3. The pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when it’s — into a healthy, — laboratory animal
4. The pathogen must be — from the inoculated animal and must be shown to be the original organism
- Same
- Isolated, Pure
- Inoculated, Susceptible
- Isolated
Koch’s postulates
~ Koch’s postulates are used to prove the — of an infectious disease
~ Exceptions to Koch’s postulates
* Some pathogens can cause — disease conditions
* Some pathogens cause disease only in —
* Some microbes have never been —
- Cause
- Several
- Humans
- Cultured
— disease: a disease that is spread from one host to another
Communicable Disease
——: diseases that are easily and rapidly spread from one host to another
Contagious Diseases
——: a disease that is not spread from one host to another
Noncommunicable Disease
