ch14

Question 1

social cognition

Answer 1

people gathering data & predicting social situations while going through life

Question 2

atttitude

Answer 2

set of beliefs and feelingsm

Question 3

mere exposure effect

Answer 3

the more you are exposed to something, the more you will like it

Question 4

central route (processing persuasive messages)

Answer 4

processes content of message

Question 5

peripheral route (processing persuasive messages)

Answer 5

processes other aspects of the message (like how hot the person giving the message is)

Question 6

cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 6

when people’s attitudes can be changed if you change their behavior

Question 7

dissonance

Answer 7

unpleasant mental tension that usually follows participating in behaviors that go against their attitudes

Question 8

foot in the door (compliance strategy)

Answer 8

a small request is followed by a larger request

Question 9

door in the face (compliance strategy)

Answer 9

a unrealistically large request is followed by a smaller request

Question 10

norms of reciprocality

Answer 10

people tend to feel obligated to return the favor when you do something nice for them

Question 11

dispositional/person attributions

Answer 11

believing the cause is a personal factor

Question 12

situational attribution

Answer 12

believing the cause is a situational/environmental factor

Question 13

person-stable attribution

Answer 13

believing the cause is an unchanging personal factor

Question 14

person unstable attribution

Answer 14

believing the cause is a one time personal factor

Question 15

situational stable attribution

Answer 15

believing the cause is an unchanging situational factor

Question 16

situational unstable attribution

Answer 16

believing the cause is a one time situational factor

Question 17

Harold Kelly’s theory

Answer 17

proposed that people make attributions based off 3 factors:
consistency- how similarly an individual acts in the same situation over time

distinctiveness- how similar the scenario is to other scenarios

consensus- how other people behave in the same scenario

Question 18

self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 18

how other people’s expectations can influence how someone behaves

Question 19

fundamental attribution error

Answer 19

overestimating personal attributions and underestimating situational attributions

Question 20

false consensus effect

Answer 20

when people overestimate how many others agree with their decisions

Question 21

self serving bias

Answer 21

tendency to take more credit for good results than bad ones

Question 22

just world bias

Answer 22

the belief that bad things happen to bad people

Question 23

stereotypes

Answer 23

ideas/expectations on how certain groups behave

Question 24

prejudice

Answer 24

underserved negative attitudes towards a group

Question 25

ethnocentrism

Answer 25

the belief that one culture is superior to another

Question 26

discrimination

Answer 26

acting on prejudices/acting against certain groups

Question 27

out group homogeneity

Answer 27

the tendency to see members of your own group (in group) as more diverse than members of other groups (out groups)

Question 28

in group bias

Answer 28

preference for people in your own group

Question 29

contact theory

Answer 29

contact between hostile groups can lower hostility, but only if they have a superordinate goal (goal that benefits everyone)

Question 30

instrumental aggression

Answer 30

when aggression is used to reach a particular goal

Question 31

hostile aggression

Answer 31

aggression with no clear reason

Question 32

frustration aggression hypothesis

Answer 32

theorizes that frustration makes aggression more likely

Question 33

bystander effect

Answer 33

the larger the group of people that witnesses an event, the less likely anyone is to help

Question 34

diffusion of responsibility

Answer 34

the larger the group, the less responsible any single individual feels to help

Question 35

pluralistic ignorance

Answer 35

deciding on what appropriate behavior is by copying others around you

Question 36

self disclosure

Answer 36

sharing personal info with another

Question 37

social facilitation

Answer 37

when the presence of others improves personal performance

Question 38

social impairment

Answer 38

presence of others during a difficult task can hurt performance

Question 39

norms

Answer 39

rules about how group members should act

Question 40

roles

Answer 40

jobs for group members

Question 41

social loafing

Answer 41

when an individual puts less effort when in a group than when alone (because they are less likely to be recognized for their own efforts)

Question 42

group polarization

Answer 42

tendency for an individual to make more extreme decisions as a group than when alolne

Question 43

groupthink

Answer 43

tendency for groups to make bad decisions

Question 44

deindividualization

Answer 44

when people in a group do things they would have never done on their own.