Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ap psych > ch2 > Flashcards

ch2 Flashcards

1
Q

positive skew

A

graph with mostly low scores, few high scores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

negative skew

A

graph mostly high scores, with a few low ones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

measures of variability

A

range, standard deviation, variance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

z-score

A

how far away a score is from the mean score. (measured in standard deviations)
used when comparing results from different graphs/studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

normal curve

A

bell shaped curve with predetermined area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

inferential statistics

A

determines whether or not a study’s findings can be applied to a larger population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

correlation coefficient

A

how strong or weak the relationship between 2 things are. 0 means no relation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

correlation

A

expresses a relationship between two variables without considering that one was caused by another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

positive correlation

A

(+1) how much something predicts another thing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

negative correlation

A

(-1) how much something predicts the absence of something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

scatter plot

A

graph with random points (results) scattered across

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

line of best fit/ regression line

A

a line that is minimal distance from all points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

p value

A

probability of results being caused by chance (minimum 0.05 to be considered statistically significant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

statistical significance

A

how accurate something is (minimum 0.05)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

International Review Board (IRB)

A

ethics board, responsible for approving any potential studies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

coercion

A

bribing/blackmailing someone into participating in the study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

informed consent

A

telling participants what they are consenting to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

anonymity

A

participant identities will not be published

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

confidentiality

A

participants may not anonymous, but results will not be connected to any participants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

debriefing

A

occurs at the end, where participants are informed about what the experiment was about, and how to reach out to get results.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

hindsight bias

A

when people hear something new and believe that they knew it all along

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

applied research

A

research with clear practical applications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

basic research

A

research that targets an area of interest with no immediate real world applications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

hypothesis

A

expresses a relationship between two variables (predicts what will happen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
variable
things that can vary among participants
26
independent variables
variables that aren't affected by other variables
27
dependant variable
variables that can change depending on the independent variables
28
theory
potential explanation to certain phenomenon
29
operationalizing variables
how variables will be measured/considered (ex. at what point will a video game be considered violent)
30
reliability
research is reliable if it can be replicated
31
validity
research is valid if its accurate and measures what the researcher set out to measure
32
sampling
picking out participants for an experiment
33
sample
used in research to represent a larger population
34
random sampling
equal chances for everyone; ex. computer generation, table of random numbers, etc.
35
stratified sampling
random sampling but it's proportional to the population. the population is divided based off certain criteria (race, height, gender, etc) before random sampling.
36
representative sampling
sample of a larger group that accurately represents the characteristics of the larger group
37
laboratory experiments
conducted in lab/highly controlled environment. causal relationships can be shown here
38
field experiments
conducted in real world
39
causal relationships
when one thing directly causes another thing (cause-effect relationship)
40
confounding variables
any variables that can affect both independent and dependant variables. can cause error in experiments, and make it difficult to see causal relationships
41
participant relevant confounding variables
any characteristics of participants that may skew results
42
random assignment
method of assigning participants to control & experimental groups as to prevent preexisting characteristics of participants affecting experiment.
43
group matching
organizing groups based off certain criteria (age, sex, height, gender, etc.)
44
experimenter bias
when the experimenter unconsciously treats the two groups differently in order to increase chances of a hypothesis being true
45
double blind procedure
when neither the experimenter or participant can significantly affect results
46
single blind procedure
where participants don't know which group they have been assigned to
47
demand characteristics
cues about the purpose of the experiment that can affect participants response
48
response/participants/subject bias
a tendency for participants to respond in certain ways
49
social desirability
type of response bias, is a tendency to pick/give answers that reflect well upon them
50
experiment group
affected by independent variable
51
control group
not affected by independent variable
52
Hawthorne effect
people act in certain ways just because they know they are in an experiment
53
placebo effect
when participants display symptoms of certain substances after taking a fake substance; the symptoms are caused by expectations alone
54
counterbalancing
used to prevent order effects: using participants as their own control group
55
order effects
doing something better just because the participant has done it more than once
56
survey method
asking people to fill out surveys. no dependant or independent variables, and variables cannot be manipulated. But, participants relevant confounding variables can no longer be controlled.N
57
aturalistic ovservation
observing participants in their natural habitat without any interaction.
58
case studies
detailed report on one or a small group of individuals. cannot be generalized. (usually used for info about a specific disorder.
59
descriptive statistics
summarizes information, describes a set of data
60
frequency distribution can be turned to...
histograms (bar graphs or (frequency polygons (line graph)
61
Mean
average of all scores
62
median
center score (middle score when all scores are arranged in a line)
63
mode
score that appears most frequently
64
extreme scores/outliers
a score (or group of scores) that is significantly above/below average. Can skew graphs
65
symmetrical distribution
graph with no major skews
66
range
distance between highest & lowest scores in a distribution
67
variance
measurement of how far each number from a graph is from average (mean)
68
standard deviation
how spread out the data in a graph is in relation to the mean. calculated as (square root of variance) low standard deviation means data points are clustered together, high standard deviation means data is more spread out.

ap psych (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions