ch11

Question 1

Type A personality

Answer 1

hard workers, competitive, ambitious, easy to anger

Question 2

Type B personality

Answer 2

laid back, easygoing

Question 3

eros

Answer 3

life instinct, directed by libido (seen as desire for sex)

Question 4

thanatos

Answer 4

death instincts (seen as aggression)

Question 5

ID

Answer 5

exists in unconscious mind, follows pleasure principle (seeks immediate pleasure)

Question 6

Ego

Answer 6

exists in both conscious and unconscious minds. follows reality principle (negotiates between desires of ID & limitations of the environment.

Question 7

superego

Answer 7

exists in both conscious and unconscious mind, develops a conscience (thinking about what is right VS what is wrong)

Question 8

types of defense mechanisms

Answer 8

repression- blocking thoughts
denial- not accepting truth
intellectualization- starting an academic study
projection- believing that your feelings towards someone is actually their feelings towards you
displacement- redirecting feelings towards another person/object
regression- seeking a past method of comfort
reaction formation- expressing the opposite to what you feel
rationalization- making up benefits from an unwanted event
sublimation- channeling feelings towards different goal

Question 9

personal unconsciousness

Answer 9

contains complexes

Question 10

complexes

Answer 10

painful/threatening memories

Question 11

collective unconsciousness

Answer 11

is passed down through species. contains archetypes

Question 12

archetypes

Answer 12

universal concepts we all share

Question 13

nomothetic approach (trait theories)

Answer 13

theorists who believe the same basic traits can be used to describe all personalities

Question 14

big 5 traits

Answer 14

extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness (how hardworking), openness to experience (trying new things), emotional stability

Question 15

Idiographic approach

Answer 15

theorists who believe using the same set of terms to classify all people is impossible

Question 16

Cardinal Dispositions

Answer 16

a trait that plays a pivotal role in almost everything someone does

Question 17

central dispositions

Answer 17

traits that are influential to personality

Question 18

secondary dispositions

Answer 18

traits with not much influence on ones personality

Question 19

heritability

Answer 19

measurement of the variation of a trait in a population that is a result of genetics

Question 20

temperaments

Answer 20

emotional style/ways of dealing with the world

Question 21

hippocrates

Answer 21

believed personality to be affected by the 4 humors of the body
(blood, yellow bile, black bile, phlegm)

Question 22

William sheldon’s somatotype theory

Answer 22

believed personality traits to be associated with body types
endomorphs (fat)- believed to be more shy + secretive
mesomorphs (muscular)- believed to be confident + assertive
exomorphs (skinny)- believed to be friendly + outgoing

Question 23

behaviorist theory of personality

Answer 23

believes personality is determined by the environment

Question 24

triadic reciprocality/reciprocal determinism

Answer 24

that a person’s personality is determined through 3 factors; their traits, the environment, and their behaviors.

each factor influences the other 2 in a constant motion

Question 25

self effacy

Answer 25

how confident you are in your ability to get things done

Question 26

personal-construct theory

Answer 26

states that people develop their own constructs in an attempt to understand the world theory is based off fundamental postulate (states that a person's past interactions with the world can be used to predict future ones)

Question 27

constructs

Answer 27

opposites (ex. smart/dumb, fair/unfair)

Question 28

internal locus of control

Answer 28

a person feels like they are responsible for what happens to them

Question 29

external locus of control

Answer 29

a person feels like luck & outside forces are responsible for what happens to them

Question 30

determinism

Answer 30

the belief that what happens in the present is caused by things outside a person's will

Question 31

free will

Answer 31

a person's ability to choose their own future (non humanistic theories don't acknowledge this)

Question 32

third force

Answer 32

humanistic theories, as they contradict with psychoanalytic and behaviorists.

Question 33

self concept

Answer 33

a person's feelings towards themselves

Question 34

self theory (Carl Rogers)

Answer 34

states that people are innately good, but require unconditional positive regard in order to reach self actualization

Question 35

unconditional positive regard

Answer 35

blanket acceptance. will be accepted no matter what

Question 36

projective tests

Answer 36

interpreting ambiguous images - Rorschach inkblot test- looking at inkblots - thematic apperception test- showing people in ambiguous situations

Question 37

self report inventories

Answer 37

questionnaires asking people about themselves - Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI-2)

Question 38

Barnum effect

Answer 38

the tendency to see yourself as generic, vague descriptions that could apply to anybody.