Ch2: How to Teach English Language Learners

Question 1

What is language acquisition

Answer 1

How humans learn a language

Question 2

Wat is Accommodation (Language Acquisition)

Answer 2

changing the mental schema to reflect a new schema

Question 3

What is assimilation (Language acquisition)

Answer 3

using existing schema and adapting new schemas to fit alongside existing schemas

Question 4

B.F. Skinner and Language Acquisition

Answer 4

Language acquisition has to do with positive and negative behavior reinforcement. (Behaviorism) i.e. if a child uses the correct words for an object (toy), parent smiles, child learns this is the correct way to refer to the object

Question 5

Universal Grammar Theory (Chomsky 1950s)

Answer 5

Children are born with a Language Acquisition Device (LAD), so they already know how to put the words together grammatically, they just need to learn tot language and where the words fit

Question 6

Replacement Theory (Lang. Acquisition)

Answer 6

Children can listen for patterns in their language acquisition, and update their language accordingly

Question 7

Broca’s Area

Answer 7

handles the creation of speech and production of speech

Question 8

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 8

responsible for the understanding or comprehension of language

Question 9

What is the economy of language?

Answer 9

Has to do with precision ,word choice and using the smallest amount of words to describe something possible

Question 10

Stages of Language Acquisition

Answer 10

Pre-talking, Babbling, Holophrastic, Two Word, Telegraphic, Later Multi-word

Question 11

Pre-Talking Stage

Answer 11

0 to 6 months, Cooing or making sounds to communicate with adults

Question 12

Babbling Stage

Answer 12

6 to 8 months, Sounds are more articulate and refined but cannot be recognized as words can have repetitive or alternating syllables; a baby’s first speech-like sounds

Question 13

Holophrastic Stage

Answer 13

9 to 18 Months, Words or phrases that have meaning but not complete sentences, babies can understand a few words and produce additional words

Question 14

Two Word Stage

Answer 14

18 to 24 months, Noun-noun and noun-verb phrases, short but not complete sentences, usually two words are the entire sentences

Question 15

Telegraphic Stage

Answer 15

24 to 30 months, Sentences follow syntax and grammatical rules much more accurately, but there are still some mistakes

Question 16

Later Multi Word Stage

Answer 16

30 + months, The child has now learned most of the syntax and grammar rules and speaks similarly to an adult. This stage lasts and continues for the individual’s entire life, but the person may use slang and not speak grammatically correctly at all times.

Question 17

What is Phonology is Language Acquisition

Answer 17

when the child is attempting to apply the rules of pronunciation, this process is based on behaviorism

Question 18

Chomsky’s Innate Hypothesis

Answer 18

Humans are born ready to learn language, and it is just classification of the words into their correct forms

Question 19

Critical ages

Answer 19

Children can only quickly learn a language up until the age seven. After seven, syntax, morphology, and phonemes cannot be entirely accurately learned

Question 20

Overextending Language

Answer 20

uses a single word to mean many things

Question 21

Bilingual education act (1968)

Answer 21

provided federal funding to encourage school districts to try a variety of approaches to educate students in their native language into traditional instruction

Question 22

Immersion Model (Bilingual Education)

Answer 22

Full - teacher is entirely in english
Dual- student is taught in two languages

Question 23

Enrichment Immersion Programs

Answer 23

focus on developing the second language skills of students who speak the dominant language (i.e. English speakers learning Spanish would be taught in Spanish)

Question 24

ESL Model (Bilingual Education)

Answer 24

May be used in conjunction with the immersion model, or can entail students being pulled out to receive ESL instruction from other classes

Question 25

ESL Sheltered Model (Bilingual Education)

Answer 25

content areas are combined and instruction in English is provided in a manner more accessible for the English language learners

Question 26

Transitional Model (Bilingual Education)

Answer 26

Goal is for students to reach full academic proficiency so they hac transition into mainstream classroom in a few years (2-6 years typically) . English instruction is combined with native language instruction.

Question 27

Maintenance Model (Bilingual Education)

Answer 27

goal is to preserve and increase student skills in their native language while they acquire a second language. Continue development in both languages (Eng and native)

Question 28

What state was first to adopt Bilingual Education Law?

Answer 28

Ohio in 1800's

Question 29

What is an English Language Learner (ELL)

Answer 29

someone who has limited or no exposure to English Language, someone who's primary language is not english

Question 30

What does it mean to Scaffold Instruction

Answer 30

breaking the lesson into small chunks so students are not overwhelmed by too much information at once. This will help find what parts of lessons need reteaching or where students are most comfortable

Question 31

Why is vocabulary instruction important to ELLs?

Answer 31

Vocabulary instruction supports your ELL students in their ability to learn the language and be successful in the classroom.

Question 33

A small instructional group should consist of ______ students.

Answer 33

3 - 6 students

Question 34

How does cultural background affect language acquisition?

Answer 34

language spoken at home is not used in school and vice versa, preventing practice in speaking, listening and comprehension skills due to lack of exposure

Question 35

How can expectations be used full in ELL?

Answer 35

guiding and gauging a students progress, but should not be the primary driver

Question 36

Why should advanced students be provided with additional learning outlets and opportunities?

Answer 36

So they dont become bored or feel progress is coming too slowly

Question 37

Why are previous academic achievements NOT always a good indicator of successful English language acquisition?

Answer 37

Because students learn at different speeds

Question 38

What should teacher expectations be based on for English language acquisition?

Answer 38

Successful language comprehension and usage in English

Question 39

Is a student's level of literacy a good indication of their ability to use English?

Answer 39

No, because literacy in a first language does not guarantee success in English

Question 40

Why are flexible lesson plans important?

Answer 40

They help students adapt to various learning environments.

Question 41

Define Decoding

Answer 41

the sounding out of familiar words

Question 42

define comprehension

Answer 42

being able to understand what is being read

Question 43

When the teacher chunks text, they:

Answer 43

Has students read small sections of a story or passage, then check for comprehension

Question 44

What is guided reading practice?

Answer 44

Guided reading is part of balanced literacy, allowing teachers to support their ELL students in their development as readers. Teachers listen to students read and assist students in understanding the text.

Question 45

Spelling, word order, and pronoun use, are areas of a second language that can receive influence from a student's first language. These areas are part of_______.

Answer 45

organizational patters

Question 46

When are Graphic Organizers useful in teaching ELLs?

Answer 46

Before a unit so they can be reference throughout the unit

Question 47

One strategy that may help English learners is to _____.

Answer 47

use realia to explain vocabulary words

Question 48

When teaching ELLs, what should also be explored and understood to help with independently comprehending larger, more complex vocabulary?

Answer 48

Roots, prefixes and suffixes

Question 49

Which of the following best describes the goal of using sentence starters with ELLs?

Answer 49

to make them feel comfortable and encourage questioning

Question 50

what prohibits discrimination based on race, color, or national origin in any program that receives federal funding?

Answer 50

Section 601 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Question 51

Section 601 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 51

prohibits discrimination based on race, color, or national origin in any program that receives federal funding

Question 52

Lau v. Nichols served to reinforce what idea

Answer 52

ELLs have the same right to education as English proficient students but, given students' language limitations, schools must provide students with instruction that addresses an English language limitation.

Question 53

define equal educational opportunity

Answer 53

which means not only giving ELLs access to regular school programs, but also providing access to programs that address their language limitations

Question 54

As part of their right to an equal educational opportunity, ELLs have the right to a program that addresses their language limitations. What is NOT a legal requirement for the program?

Answer 54

Federal law does not require schools to have a bilingual program or staff that speak the ELLs' native language because English proficiency can be achieved through specialized English instruction.