Ch.27 Mastering Biology questions Flashcards
Which of the following is unique to animals?
A. flagellated gametes
B. the structural carbohydrate, chitin
C. heterotrophy
D. cells that have mitochondria
E. nervous conduction and muscular movement
E. nervous conduction and muscular movement
In terms of food capture, which sponge cell is most similar to the cnidocyte of a cnidarian?
A. gastrovascular cavity cell
B. choanocyte
c. amoebocyte
D. epidermal cell
B. choanocyte
specialized cells that generate water currents and trap food particles with their flagella and microvilli
Sponges are most accurately described as
A. marine predators.
B. filter feeders.
C. aquatic predators.
D. freshwater scavengers.
E. chemoautotrophs.
B. filter feeders.
Which of the following is true of members of the phylum Cnidaria?
A. They are primarily filter feeders.
B. They are the simplest organisms with a complete alimentary canal (two openings).
C. They coordinate movements through a noncentralized nerve set.
D. They are not capable of locomotion because they lack true muscle tissue.
C. They coordinate movements through a noncentralized nerve set.
Cnidarians have a nerve net, which is a diffuse network of nerve cells that allows them to detect and respond to stimuli, but they lack a centralized brain or nervous system.
Which of the following functions as both a mouth and an anus in members of the phylum Cnidaria?
A. nematocysts
B. a gastrovascular cavity
C. a noncentralized nerve net
D. an alimentary canal
B. a gastrovascular cavity
They have a sac-like body cavity called the gastrovascular cavity, which serves both as a digestive and circulatory system.
The earliest ancestors of about half of all extant animal phyla can be traced back to the __________ explosion.
A. Pleistocene
B. Carboniferous
C. Cambrian
D. Jurassic
E. Devonian
C. Cambrian
Before the Cambrian explosion, the fossil record contains mainly soft-bodied organisms such as bacteria, algae, and simple multicellular organisms. However, during the Cambrian explosion, there was a rapid diversification of animal body plans, including the emergence of bilateral symmetry, hard exoskeletons, complex sensory organs, and other innovations that have persisted in various forms throughout animal evolution.
Which of the following clades contains the greatest number of animal species?
A. the insects
B. the vertebrates
C. the deuterostomes
D. the bilaterians
D. the bilaterians
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all animals?
A. They are eukaryotes.
B. They ingest their food.
C. They are multicellular.
D. They have tissues, organs, and organ systems.
E. They are heterotrophic.
D. They have tissues, organs, and organ systems.
While most animals have specialized tissues that form organs and organ systems, there are some animals that do not have these structures.
An important trend in animal evolution was cephalization or the development of a “head.” An animal is said to show cephalization when it __________.
A. has an aggregation of sensory structures at the anterior end
B. has tissue specialization
C. is large
D. has bilateral symmetry
E. has a hard, outer covering
A. has an aggregation of sensory structures at the anterior end
Cephalization is an evolutionary trend toward the concentration of sensory equipment at the anterior end. It is associated with bilateral symmetry.
What is the key difference between a coelom and a pseudocoelom?
A. A coelom is a true body cavity, whereas a pseudocoelom is a false coelom that is not fully functional.
B. Only a coelom is fully lined with mesoderm tissue.
C. Pseudocoeloms arose early in animal evolution and evolved into coeloms.
B. Only a coelom is fully lined with mesoderm tissue.
the key difference between a coelom and a pseudocoelom is that a coelom is a true body cavity completely surrounded by mesoderm, while a pseudocoelom is a false body cavity partially lined with mesoderm and often also lined with endodermal tissue.
What do all craniates have that earlier chordates did not have?
A. brain
B. partial or complete skull
C. vertebrae
D. bones
E. cartilaginous pipe surrounding notochord
B. partial or complete skull
Which of the following are the most abundant and diverse of the extant vertebrates?
A. amphibians
B. birds
C. ray-finned fishes
D. mammals
C. ray-finned fishes
Which of the following chordate groups include(s) humans?
A. Amniotes
B. Hominins
C. Gnathostomes
D. All of the them
All of them
Amniotes - embryo that is protected by an amniotic sac.
Hominins- bipedal stance, large brains, and reduced canine teeth. Humans are the only extant species within the hominin group.
Gnathostomes - jaws.
Which group’s members have had both lungs and gills during their adult lives?
A. lancelets
B. bivalves
C. lungfishes
D. sharks, skates, and rays
C. lungfishes
Lungfishes are characterized by their ability to breathe air using their lungs, in addition to the use of gills to extract oxygen from water.
Which of the following groups contains members most closely associated with a wet or moist environment?
A. amphibians
B. pterosaurs
C. dinosaurs
D. mammals
E. birds
A. amphibians
Amphibians typically have water-permeable skin that does not easily resist drying. Thus, amphibians tend to be found in moist environments.
