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Biology 101 > Chapter 16 evolution > Flashcards

Chapter 16 evolution Flashcards

1
Q

Classically, evolution has been defined as a ______
A) process that involves artificial selection
B) spontaneous change that occurs in the DNA
C) change that occurs over time
D) all of the above

A

change that occurs over time

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2
Q

____ is a proposed evolutionary process in which long periods of species stability is followed by a rapid period burst or jump that results in a new species.
A) Punctuated equilibrium
B) Phyletic gradualism
C) Mass extinction
D) Geographic speciation

A

Punctuated equilibrium

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3
Q

Who wrote the book on THE ORIGION OF SPEICIES?

A

Charles Darwin

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4
Q

____ is the process by which a species or group of related species evolves rapidly into many different species that occupy new habitats or geographic zones.
A) Evolution
B) Natural Selection
C) Artificial Selection
D) Adaptive Radiation

A

Adaptive Radiation

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5
Q

Evolution involves changes in ____ frequencies over time.
A) gene
B) allele
C) chromosome
D) species

A

allele

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6
Q

The term_____ refer to the study of fossils.
A) paleontology
B) archeology
C) anthropology
D) fossilogy

A

paleontology

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7
Q

____ dating involves age-dating fossils with known time periods grouped into four eras that represent distinct ages in the history of the earth.
A) Absolute
B) Relative
C) Radioactive
D) Carbon

A

Relative

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8
Q

To be classified as a fossil, an organism must be at least________ years old.
A) 5,000
B) 10,000
C) 20,000
D) 50,000

A

10,000 years old

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9
Q

Structures that share similar anatomical features and embryonic development are said to be________.
A) homogenous
B) autologous
C) homologous
D) analogous

A

homologous

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10
Q

The germ layers of an embryo include which of the following?
A) Ectoderm
B) Mesoderm
C) Endoderm
D) All of the above

A

All of the above

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11
Q

Which of the following is characteristics of macroevolution?
A) Occurs on a small scale
B) Occurs above the species level
C) Involves a short period of time
D) Involves changes in a population (with a species) over time

A

Occurs above the species level

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12
Q

Which of the following is an example of microevolution?
A) Resistance of bacteria to penicillin
B) Origination of flowering plants
C) Dinosaurs giving rise to birds
D) Primates giving rise to humans

A

Resistance of bacteria to penicillin

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13
Q

On the Galapagos Islands, the finches diverged in response to the availability of ____ in the different habitats.
A) shelter
B) water
C) food
D) all of the above

A

food

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14
Q

Each of the species of finches on the Galapagos Islands has its own distinctive ____ and ______.
A) beak, ecological niche
B) wing structure, food source
C) mating call, food source
D) wing structure, ecologica

A
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15
Q

Each of the species of finches on the Galapagos Islands has its own distinctive ____ and ______.
A) beak, ecological niche
B) wing structure, food source
C) mating call, food source
D) wing structure, ecological niche

A

beak, ecological niche

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16
Q

An organism with ______ parts is more likely to fossilize.
A) hard
B) soft
C) movable
D) immobile

A

hard

17
Q

Which of the following are examples of trace fossils?
A) molds
B) casts
C) animal tracks
D) all of the above

A

All of the above

18
Q

Which of the following is a vestigial structure in humans?
A) Pelvic spurs
B) Hind bone legs
C) Coccyx (tailbone)
D) Earlobe

A

Coccyx (tailbone)

19
Q

The process of natural selection factors traits that _____.
A) are prized as being desirable by humans
B) confer a survival advantage
C) are present early in embryonic development
D) are shared by multiple species

A

confer a survival advantage

20
Q

Research has shown that a single year of _____ can drive evolutionary changes in the finches on the Galapagos Islands.
A) fog
B) snow
C) rain
D) drought

A

drought

21
Q

Which of the following scientists proposed the theory that ontogeny (changes in size and shape) recapitulates phylogeny (the evolutionary history of a species)?
A) Karl Ernest von Baer
B) Ernest Haeckel
C) Charles Darwin
D) Heinz Christan Pander

A

Ernest Hackel

22
Q

Breeding cats for certain desirable physical traits serves as an example of which of following?
A) Adaptive radiational
B) Artificial selection
C) Natural selection
D) Evolution

A

Artificial selection

23
Q

Darwin, Haeckel, von Baer, and others confirmed evolutionary relationship based on similarities in________________.
A) amino acid sequences
B) anatomical structures
C) DNA
D) all of the above

A

anatomical structures

24
Q

In a cold environment, natural selection is likely to favor the ability to _______.
A) go without water for prolonged period of time
B) run very quickly
C) store greater amounts of fat
D) blend in with the environment (camouflage)

A

store greater amounts of fat

25
Q

Relative dating ______.
A) results in numerical ages
B) is a relatively newer method of dating
C) orders the appearance of organism
D) is based on the radioactive decay of certain isotopes

A

orders the appearance of organisms

26
Q

The bat wing, whale flipper, and human arm are all considered homologous structures because they______.
A) evolved from a common ancestor
B) perform similar functions
C) share the same DNA
D) all of the above

A

All of the above

27
Q

In humans, the postanal tail present during embryonic development becomes the _____>
A) aurditory tube
B) middle ear cavity
C) parathyroid gland
D) none of the above; it disappears

A

none of the above; it disappears

28
Q

Through comparative molecular biology, scientist are able to verify common ancestry in species that share similarities in their_____.
A) RNA
B) DNA
C) number of chromosomes
D) all of the above

A

DNA

29
Q

Amino acid sequences of the heme protein _____ have been studied in order to determine common ancestry.
A) cytochrome a
B) cytochrome c
C) hemoglobin
D) hemoglobin A 1 c

A

cytochrome c

30
Q

Which of the following statements about petrification is TRUE?
A) It results from the replacement of living material with mineral matter
B) It is an uncommon form of fossilization
C) It involves a total replacement of the hard parts with mineral matter
D) It reduces plants and animals to shiny films finer than tissue paper

A

It results from the replacement of living material with mineral matter.

31
Q

Species closely related to evolutionary have similarities in which of the following?
A) Ecological habitat
B) Physical apperance
C) Amino acid sequences of specific proteins
D) Ability to reproduce

A

Amino acid sequences of specific proteins

Biology 101 (18 decks)

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