Ch.3 Cell review Flashcards by morgan foisy

Plasma membrane

fluid bilayer of lipids (phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids). Selectively permeable.

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Proteins

enzymes, receptors which mediate membrane transport functions

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tight junctions are

impermeable

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Gap junctions

allow cells to communicate

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passive tranpsort

kinetic energy

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active transport

ATP. Energy to transport substance across membrane

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Diffusion

kinetic energy. down a concentration gradient.

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facilitated diffusion

solutes across a membrane by their binding with a membrane carrier protein. kinetic energy (passive transport)

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Osmosis

diffusion of a solvent, such as water, through a selectively permeable membrane. LOW TO HIGH water conc. but high to low solute conc. (SALT SUCKS).

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hypertonic

loss of water from cells

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hypotonic

gain of water to cells (lysis maybe)

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primary active transport

sodium, potassium pump.

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secondary active transport

symport or antiport.

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symport

same direction across membrane (secondary active transport)

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antiport

substances move in the opposite direction across membrane

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phagocytosis

large particles. ingest or engulf particles. (vesicular transport)

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pinocytosis

dissolved molecules. small particles across cell membrane

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receptor-mediated endocytosis

engulf molecules attach to receptors on the membrane (active transport)

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concentration and electrical gradients

determine diffusion

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sodium is in

high extracellular conc. 3 pumped into extracellular

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potassium is in

high intracellular conc. (membrane more permeable to potassium) 2 pumped into intracellular

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membrane potential

established when K moving in and out of cell is the same

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cytoplasm

consists of cytosol and all organelles. (Major functional area of the cell)

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cytosol

fluid within cell

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Mitochondria

ATP formation. Cellular respiration

Ribosomes

RNA, protein synthesis

rough ER

protein modification

Vesicles

from the ER transport the proteins to other cell sites

Smooth ER

synthesizes lipids and steroid molecules. Detoxification, fat metabolism.

Golgi Apparatus

packages protein secretions for export

Lysosomes

Hydrolases. Degrade worn out organelles, release ionic calcium.

Preoxisomes

contain oxidase enzymes. protect cell from free radicals.

cytoskeleton

microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments.

microtubules

organize the cytoskeleton, intracellular transport.

microfilaments

movement of cell parts (motility)

intermediate filaments

connect other elements

centrioles

mitotic spindle. cilia/ flagella

microvilli

increase surface area

nucleus

control centre

nuclear envelope

double membrane

nucleoli

ribosome, synthesis

Chromatin

proteins and DNA

chromosomes

condensed chromatin

cell cycle

events of cell till it divides

interphase

centriole replication begins. DNA REPLICATES (G1, S, G2,)

Cell division

consists of two distinct phases: mitosis and cytokenisis

mitosis

nuclear division. Consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase (PMAT)

cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm

Gene

DNA provides instructions to synthesize one polypetide chain

DNA transmits message to RNA via

ribosomes

protein synthesis involves

transcription and translation

transcription

synthesis of mRNA

translation

reading of mRNA by tRNA. Peptide bonding of amino acid to polypeptide chain

Cytosolic enzymes

degrade proteins

apoptosis

dispose of damaged cells

Acetyl COA

molecule used in metabolic process

Aerobic respiration

cellular respiration that requires oxygen

Anarobic

cell. respiration that doesn't require oxygen

Anaphase

chromosome move toward each pole of cell.

cellular respiration

turns food into usable energy (ATP) glucose + oxygen => CO2 +H20 + ATP (energy)

centrosome

during mitosis splits and moves to opp. poles of cell. regulates cell cycle.

Electron transport chain

redox reaction (transfer electrons from electron donor to electron acceptor)

Integral proteins

proteins permanently attached to membrane (transport channels). cell adhesion.

Prophase

Strands of chromatin condense into chromosome.

Metaphase

chromosomes align at the metaphase plate. chromosome replicate and form two sister chromatids.

Telophase

cell has divided equally into two nuclei. Here we see cleavage furrow.

phospholipids

choline, phosphate, glycerol, two fatty acids

cholesterol

peripheral and integral proteins

peripheral proteins

only attach for a short term to membrane (recognition sites)

glycolipids

carbohydrate attached. provide energy.

lipoproteins

allow fat to move inside and outside of the cell. contain both protein and lipids.

Ch.3 Cell review Flashcards

(71 cards)