Ch.5 Integumentary system

Question 1

keratin

Answer 1

hollow cell protein. (makes skin waterproof)

Question 2

functions of the skin (3):

Answer 2

Thermoregulation, protection, cutaneous sensations.

Question 3

Thermoregulation

Answer 3

(via negative feedback) control body temp. cooling, dilation(opening up and allowing blood to flow), vasoconstriction(narrowing of blood vessels). Sweat gland secretion.

Question 4

Protection

Answer 4

chemical, physical, biological.

Question 5

Cutaneous sensations

Answer 5

exteroreceptors (respond to stimuli from outside body). sense, touch, pressure, vibration, temp, tickling.

Question 6

excretion/ absorption

Answer 6

sweat secretion (water, salts, heat, waste). absorbs metals, fat soluble molecules.

Question 7

synthesis of vit. D

Answer 7

required for uptake of calcium from digestive tract.

Question 8

blood reservoir

Answer 8

skin blood vessels store up to 5% of bodys volume

Question 9

immunity

Answer 9

epedermis contains langerhans cells–> self-presenting dendritic cells.

Question 10

Skin(integument) 2 major regions:

Answer 10

epidermis, dermis.

Question 11

epidermis

Answer 11

outermost superficial region.

Question 12

dermis

Answer 12

vacular compartments are. (doesn’t have vascular tissue)

Question 13

hypodermis

Answer 13

NOT PART OF SKIN. deepest (subcutaneous). Adipocytes(fat tissue)

Question 14

7 functions of skin

Answer 14

thermoregulation, protection, cutaneous sensation, secretion/absorption, synth. of vit. D, blood resevior, immunity.

Question 15

Epidermal cells 4 types:

Answer 15

keratincoytes, melanocytes, langerhans cell/ dendritic cells, merkel cells.

Question 16

epidermal layers (5):

Answer 16

stratum basale, statum spinosum, stratum Granulosum, Startum Lucidum, Stratum Corneum.

Question 17

dermis layers (2):

Answer 17

papillary, Reticular

Question 18

papillary layer (D)

Answer 18

(areolar connective tissue) Collagen, elastin. Dermal papillae (grips), Messiners Corpuscles (touch)

Question 19

Reticular layer (D)

Answer 19

(adipose tissue) hair follicles, dense irregular connective tissue

Question 20

Skin colour (3) :

Answer 20

melanin, Carotene, Hemoglobin

Question 21

Melanin:

Answer 21

located in epidermis, freckles and liver are accumulation of melanin. UV light increases melanin.

Question 22

Carotene:

Answer 22

Yellowish-orange pigment. Found in stratum corneum, Vit.A. (yellowish tint= melanin + carotene)

Question 23

Hemoglobin:

Answer 23

Caucasians have translucent epidermis due to little melanin. skin appears pink to red.

Question 24

Sweat/ Sudoriferous Glands (4)

Answer 24

Eccrine/mecrocrine sweat glands, Apocrine sweat glands, Ceruminous glands, mammary glands

Question 25

Sebaceous Glands:

Answer 25

simple alveolar glands found all over bod. Secrete oily sebum, waterproofs skin. (blackheads accumulation of sebum) ACNE AND PIMPLES.

Question 26

Eccrine sweat glands:

Answer 26

hands, feet, forehead. (simple coiled tubular) Prevent overheating

Question 27

Apocrine sweat glands

Answer 27

body odour, axillary/ anogenital areas.

Question 28

ceruminous glands

Answer 28

apocrine glands in ear canal secrete cerumen(wax)

Question 29

mammary glands

Answer 29

sweat glands secrete milk. (female reproduction)

Question 30

Hair follicles (3)

Answer 30

root is below epidermis. contains harder keratin than in skin. (Inner medulla, middle cortex, outer cuticle) Outer= simple squamous keratinized. (PROTECTS, SENSORY, INSULATES)

Question 31

7 hair follicle parts:

Answer 31

Root sheat, hair bulb =( papilla of the hair, matrix of bulb), Root hair plexus, arrector pili, sebacous glands.

Question 32

Hair colour:

Answer 32

Melanocytes (enzyme) produce colour. (matrix produce melanin) Dark=true melanin / Blonde= less melanin. Grey hair = not producing melanin, air bubbles instead.

Question 33

Nails

Answer 33

tightly packed keratinized cells. Nail body, Nail root.

Question 34

Nail (3 parts):

Answer 34

Hyponychium (thick edge of nail), Epnychium (cuticle), Lunule ( white base of nail)

Question 35

Skin Cancer (3):

Answer 35

Basal cell carcinoma (cancer cells of stratum basale (on face), Squamous cell carcinoma (keratinocytes (ears), malignant melanoma (melanocytes (most dangerous).

Question 36

Burns:

Answer 36

1st deg. ( epidermal damage only) 2nd deg. (epi. and dermal damage, blisters) 3rd deg. (entire thickness of skin damage. Nerves destroyed) Skin grafting at 3rd.