Ch.4 Test- Federalism

Question 1

Expressed powers

Answer 1

spelled out in words in the Constitution -27 powers - shared by the three branches of government

Question 2

Implied powers

Answer 2

not spelled out in the Constitution, but reasonably “suggested”

Question 3

Inherent powers

Answer 3

powers given to the national government because it represents a sovereign state in the world (inherited)

Question 4

Concurrent powers

Answer 4

powers that are exercised by both the national and the state governments

Question 5

Reserved powers

Answer 5

powers that are exercised (carried out) only by that states (outlined in the 10th Amendment) - Lots of them!

Question 6

Supremacy clause

Answer 6

resolves conflicts between the two levels of government by setting up a “ladder of laws”

Question 7

Supreme Court

Answer 7

acts as the “umpire” of the Supremacy Clause;

makes rulings and final decisions

Question 8

Dual federalism

Answer 8

government powers strictly divided between the National government and the state governments (operate separate from each other - each sovereign from the other) - 1789-1930

Question 9

Cooperative federalism

Answer 9

overlapping spheres of powers and operation across the 2 levels of government - 1930- Today

Question 10

Revenue sharing

Answer 10

(1972-87) Program in which Congress shared federal taxes with states

Question 11

Grants-in-aid programs

Answer 11

1800’s it was grants of land to start up schools/colleges and build roads
Today it consists of grants of money for different programs such as:
a. Education
b. Mass transit
c. highway construction
d. Health care, etc.

Question 12

Categorical grant

Answer 12

used for specific purpose/programs such as college tuition, school lunch, water treatment etc. - Strings attached!

Question 13

Project grant

Answer 13

used for projects such as medical research (cancer/aids) - Private and public hospitals.

Question 14

Block grant

Answer 14

used for large broad programs such as Welfare, Medicaid, and Infrastructure repair - fewer than usual strings attached.

Question 15

Full Faith and credit clause

Answer 15

Must honor/enforce.

“Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of each other state”

Public acts = laws of a state

Records = documents such as birth certificates, marriage licenses, property deeds, etc.

Judicial Proceedings = the outcome of court actions (damages, wills, etc.)

Question 16

Privileges and immunities clause

Answer 16

“No state can make unreasonable distinctions between its own residents and those of another state”

Must allow them to buy, own, rent, or sell property, or marry within its borders, make contracts, etc.

Reasonable distinctions: (Exceptions)

can’t vote
can’t hold public office
can’t practice law, medicine, teach, etc. (without state certification)
charge more for college tuition/hunting and fishing licenses, etc.

Question 17

Extradition

Answer 17

The legal process of surrendering an accused criminal by one State to the jurisdiction of another.
Prevents fugitives from escaping justice!

Question 18

Enabling Act

Answer 18

Congress gives the state permission to set up a state constitution

Question 19

Act of Admission

Answer 19

Congress agrees to grant statehood

Question 20

Judicial Proceedings

Answer 20

the outcome of court actions (damages, wills, etc.)

Question 21

Public Acts

Answer 21

laws of a state

Question 22

Dual system of government

Answer 22

2 levels of government (National and State)

Question 23

Interstate compact

Answer 23

agreements among 2 or more states/foreign states
more than 200
Deal with issues such as:

Conservation of resources (water, oil, wildlife, etc.)
Fighting forest fires
Combat water/air pollution
Harbor control
Motor vehicle safety
Cooperation between public universities
Etc.

Question 24

What is the “ladder of laws” in the Supremacy Clause?

Answer 24

1. United States Constitution
2. Acts of congress/National laws
3. State Constitutions
4. State Laws
5. City/Country laws (local)

Question 25

What are the 2 interstate compacts that all 50 states agree upon?

Answer 25

1. Compact for the supervision of parolees and probationers | 2. Compact on Juvenile Delinquents

Question 26

What are the programs that Federal grants-in-aid monies go to?

Answer 26

1. Education 2. Mass transit 3. highway construction 4. Health care, etc.

Question 27

What are the obligations the constitution places on the National government for the benefit of the states?

Answer 27

1. Guarantee states a republican form of government: (representitive) 2. Protects states against foreign invasion and domestic violence: (attack from other countries/terrorism, and riots at home and natural disasters) 3. Respect territorial integrity of states: (recognize states boundaries)

Question 28

What are the programs (forms of federal aid) in which the National government helps/assists the states?

Answer 28

1. Federal grants-in-aid 2. Revenue Sharing 3. FBI assists state and local police 4. Trains the National Guard for the states 5. Takes a Census for the states (10 year population count

Question 29

What are State aid programs in which the states help/assist the National government?

Answer 29

1. State and local police assist the FBI 2. States run all national elections 3. States run the naturalization/immigrant program

Question 30

What are the ways that the states assist each other?

Answer 30

1. Interstate compacts 2. Full Faith and Credit 3. Extradition 4. Privileges and Immunities

Question 31

What are some examples of reasonable distinctions that states can use against residents of another state under the Privileges and Immunities Clause?

Answer 31

1. can't vote 2. can't hold public office 3. can't practice law, medicine, teach, etc. (without state certification) 4. charge more for college tuition/hunting and fishing licenses, etc.

Question 32

Delegated powers

Answer 32

(granted) power given to the national government by the Constitution (3 types)