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CBD_BIO > ch5 - tissues > Flashcards

ch5 - tissues Flashcards

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1
Q

4 major types of tissue in the body

A

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

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2
Q

root - adip

A

fat
adipose tissue - tissue that stores fat

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3
Q

root - condr

A

cartilage
chondrocyte - cartilage cell

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4
Q

suffix - glia

A

glue
neuroglia - cells that support neurons

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5
Q

prefix - epi

A

upon, after, in addition
epithelial tissue - tissue that covers all free body surfaces

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6
Q

root - hist

A

web, tissue
histology - the study of composition and function of tissues

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7
Q

root - hyal

A

resemblance to glas
hyaline cartilage - flexible tissue containing chondrocytes

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8
Q

prefix - inter

A

among, between
intercalated disc - band between adjacent cardiac muscle cells

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9
Q

prefix - macr

A

larg
macrophage - large phagocytic cell

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10
Q

root - neur

A

nerve
neuron - nerve cell

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11
Q

root - os

A

bone
osseous tissue - bone tissue

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12
Q

root - phag

A

to eat
phagocyte - cell that engulfs and destroys foreign particles

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13
Q

root - pseud

A

false
pseudostratified epithelium - tissue with cells that appear to be in layers but are not

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14
Q

root - squam

A

(scale)
(squamous epithelium) - tissue with flattened or scale like cells

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15
Q

root -strat

A

(layer)
stratified epithelium - tissue with cells in layers

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16
Q

root - stria

A

groove
striations - alternating light and dark cross markings in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells

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17
Q

Epithelial tissue (epithelium)

A

covers surface of the body and organs, forms the inner lining of body cavities, lines hollow organs and composes glands
lacks blood vessels, cells readily divide
protects, secrets, absorbs, excretes

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18
Q

connective tissue

A

widely distributed throughout the body
binds, supports, protects, fills spaces, stores fat, produces blood cells
Mostly has good blood supply, cells are further apart than epithelial

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19
Q

muscle tissue

A

attached to bones, in the walls of hollow internal organs such as heart
generates forces for movement
able to contract in response to stimuli

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20
Q

nervous tissue

A

found in brain, spinal cord, and nerves
conduct impulses for coordination, regulation, integration, and sensory reception
cells communicate to each other and other body parts

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21
Q

intercellular junction

A

tightly packed tissue cells that connect the cell membranes to adjoining cells

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22
Q

tight junction

A

membranes of adjacent cells converge and fuse - creating a belt like surrounding and closes the space between cells
typical for sheetlike laers ie digestive track

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23
Q

desmosome junction

A

rivets or spot welds creating reinforced structural units
ie cells of the outer skin

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24
Q

gap junctions

A

tubular channels that link the cytoplasm of adjacent cells and allows ions, nutrients, and other small molecules to move between them

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25
histology
the microscopic study of tissues
26
tissue
a layer or group of cells with a common function that interacts with other tissues to form an organ.
27
squamous epithelium
tissue composed of thin flattened cells
28
cuboidal epithelium
tissue composed of cube shaped cels
29
columnar epithelium
tissue composed of elongated cells; taller than they are wide
30
simple epithelial tissue
composed of one layer of cells; all the cells are attached to the basememt membrane and reach the free surface
31
stratified epithelial tissue
composed of two ore more layers of cells, only one of the layers is anchored to the basement membrane
32
basement membrane
bottom (basal) end of a tissue layer
33
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
appear stratified but are not because the nuclei lie at two or more levels. The cells vary in shape, all reach the basement membrane - commonly have cilia ie lines the passages of the respiratory system
34
stratified squamous epithelium
consists of many layers of cells, making the tissue thick. Top layer flatest, as new layers form from deepest layer (where division occurs nad cells are cuboidal or columnar) the oldest pushed further out to the surface where they flatten.
35
stratified cuboidal epithelium
consists of two or three layers of cuboidal cells that from the lining of a lumen - the layering provides more protection that a single layer afford
36
stratified columnar epithelium
consists of several lays of cells. The superficial cells are elongated where as the basal cells are cube shaped - found in the male urethra and lining large ducts of exocrine glands
37
transitional epithelium
specialized to change in response to increased tension - found lining the bladder, ureters, and superior urethra
38
glandular epithelium
cells specialized to produce and secrete substances into ducts - typically columnar or cuboidal - one more more constitute a gland
39
glands
secrete their product into ducts that open onto surfaces
40
endocrine glands
glands that secrete their products into tissue fluid or blood
41
exocrine glands
can be unicellular or multicellular
42
unicellular glands
single specialized cell in an otherwise nonsecretory epithelium -ie mucus secreting goblet
43
multicellular glands
composed of many cells and make up the majority of the exocrine glands
44
connective tissues
comprise much of the body - most abundant type by weight - 2 types: connective tissue proper and specialized connective tissue
45
extracellular matrix
the bodys glue - scaffolding that organizes and ahnchors cells into tissues - relays chemical signals that control cell division, differentiation, tissue repair, cell migration. composed of protein fibers and non fibrous protein and other molecules - binds supports and provides a medium through which substances may be transfered between the blood cells and the tissue.
46
lumen
hollow channel
47
Epithelial membranes - types
composed of epithelial and connective tissue serous membrane mucous membrane cutaneous membrane synovial membrane
48
serous membrane
lines body cavities that do not open to outside linings of thorax and abdomen, covers organs simple squamous epithelium + areolar connective tissue secretes serous fluid for lubrication, reducing friction
49
mucous membrane
line cavities and tubes that open to the outside lining of digestive respiratory urinary and reproductive tracts epithelium + areolar connective tissue goblet cells secrete mucus
50
cutaneous membrane
covers body surface skin part of integumentary system
51
synovial membrane
different from epithelial membranes composed entirely of connective tissue line joint cavities
52
muscle tissues
excitable, respond to stimulation, generates force. elongated cells - muscle fibers - can shorten and thicken
53
muscle tissue types
skeletal smooth cardiac
54
skeletal muscle (voluntary muscle)
forms muscles attached to bones, controlled by conscious effort cells have striations
55
smooth muscle
single centrally located nucleus composes walls of hollow internal organs, stomach, intestines, urinary bladder, uterus, and vessels, empties bladder
56
cardiac muscle tissue
only in the hearts cells striated and branched
57
connective tissues
most abundant in the body - abundant extracellular matrix two types: connective tissue proper specialized connective tissues
58
connective tissue cell types
fibroblasts macrophages mast cells
59
fibroblasts
most common type of connective tissue star shapped produce fibers by secreting proteins into extracellular matrix
60
macrophages - (histiocytes)
originate as white blood cells attached to fibers but can detach and actively move about carry on phagocytosis important role in immunity
61
mast cells
large and widely distributed also derived from white blood cells release heparin, which prevents clotting release histamine, stimulates inflammation by dilating the small arterioles
62
connective tissue fibers (extracellular matrix)
collagen fibers elastic fibers reticular fibers ground substance
63
collagen fi
thick threadlike - holds structures together
64
elastic fibers
bundles of microfibrilis embedded in elastin - provide elastic quality to parts that stretch
65
reticular fibers
thin fibers of collagen - form delivate supportive networks within tissues
66
ground substance
non fibrous protein and other molecules with fluid fills in spaces around cells and fibers
67
connective tissue proper
loose connective tissue: areolar, adipose, reticular dense regular, dense irregular, elastic
68
areolar connective tissue
delicate thin membranes, mainly composed of fibroblasts separated by a gel like ground substance binds the skin to the underlying organs and fills space between muscles
69
adipose fat tissue
lies beneath the skin, and between muscles, around kidneys, behind eyballls, and on the surface of heart. cusions joints and some organs. insulates beneath the skin, stores energy in fat
70
reticular connective tissue
thin reticular fibers in a three dimension network, provides framework of certain organs such as liver and spleen
71
dense regular connective tissue
tendons and ligaments - binds body parts
72
dense irregular connective tissue
sustains tissues in skin - in deep layer of skin
73
elastic connective tissue
provides elastic quality - connecting parts of spinal column, walls of arteries and airways
74
specialized connective tissue
includes cartilage, bone, and blood - types: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage, bone, blood
75
hyaline cartilage
ends of bones, nose, and rings in walls of respiratory passage
76
elastic cartilage
framework of external ear and part of larynx
77
fibrocartilage
between bony parts of spinal column, parts of pelvic girdle, and knee
78
bone
bones of skeleton and middle ear framework
79
blood
throughout the body in a closed system of blood vessels and heart chambers

CBD_BIO (11 decks)

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