ch6 - integumentary system

Question 1

epidermis

Answer 1

superficial layer of the outer skin

Question 2

dermis

Answer 2

deep inner layer of the skin, thicker and made of connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers along with smooth muscle tisue, nervouse tissue and blood and lymphatic vessels

Question 3

subcutaneous layer ( hypodermis)

Answer 3

beneath dermis, not part of skin. composed of areloar and adipose tissue that bind the skin to the underlying organs

Question 4

layers of epidermis

Answer 4

stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

Question 5

stratum lucidum (only present in thick skin)

Answer 5

(between stratum corneum and stratum garnulosm on soles of palms)
cells appear clear, nuclei organelles and cell membranes are no longer visable

Question 5

stratum corneum

Answer 5

(superior outermost)
many layers of keratinized dead epithelial cells that are flattened and non nucleated

Question 6

stratum granulosum

Answer 6

(beneat the stratum corneum)
three to five layers off lattened granular cells that contain shrunken fibers of keratin and shriveled nuclei

Question 7

startum spinosum

Answer 7

(beneath the startum garnulosum)
many layers of cells with centrally located large oval nuclei and developing fivers of keratin cells becoming flattened

Question 8

stratam basale

Answer 8

(deepest layer)
a single row of cuboidal or columnar cells that divide and grow. also includes melanocytes

Question 9

dendritic cells

Answer 9

within stratum spinosum
phagocytes to protect the skin and deeper tissues from pathogen invasion

Question 10

tactile cells

Answer 10

in stratum basale
oval shapped, each one coresponds with a sensory nerve ending.

Question 11

melanocytes

Answer 11

in epidermis
produce and store pigment

Question 12

Nails

Answer 12

Nail matrix
cuticle
lunula
nail bed
nail plate
free edge

Question 13

glands of the skin

Answer 13

sebaceous
merocrine
apocrine
ceruminous
mammary

Question 14

sebaceous glands

Answer 14

near or connected to hair follicles - keep hair soft pliable waterproof

Question 15

merocrine sweat glands

Answer 15

originate deep in dermis or subcutaneous layer, and open to surface on forehead neck and back. lower body temp

Question 16

apocrine sweat glands

Answer 16

near hair follicles in armpit and groin - wet skin during pain fear emotional upset and sexual arousal

Question 17

ceruminous gland

Answer 17

external acoustic meatus, secrete ear wax

Question 18

mammary glands

Answer 18

breasts - secrete milk

Question 19

wound repair

Answer 19

clot - fibrin blood cells and platelets
scab
epithelial cells reproduce to fill wound
fibroblasts produce new collagen fibers to bind wound
new tissue
phagocyte removes dead cells and debris
scab sloughs off
scar

Question 20

heat loss through skin

Answer 20

radiation - infrared heat travel from warm skin to cool environment
conduction - heat moves from warm skin to cool objects
convection - heat loss from skin into circulating air currents
evaporation - heat lost through seat as it evaporates and caries heat away

Question 21

rule of nines

Answer 21

head front 4.5 back 4.5
trunk front 18 back 18
arms front 9 back 9
(4.5 each arm/side)
legs 18 front 18 back
(9 each leg/side)