Ch7: Statistical Thinking and Application Flashcards Preview

Quality Management > Ch7: Statistical Thinking and Application > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ch7: Statistical Thinking and Application Deck (25)
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1
Q

census

A

when the entire population is selected for the study

2
Q

parameter

A

a measure calculated from the population

3
Q

discrete data

A

data that contains only integers or counting numbers

4
Q

continuous data

A

any value over a particular range is possible

5
Q

levels of measurement (4)

A
  1. nominal scale 2. ordinal scale 3. interval scale 4. ration scale
6
Q

common causes

A

part of the system ex. poor design, measurement error, poor maintenance

7
Q

special causes

A

unusual, not previously observed

8
Q

stable system

A

a system governed only by common causes

9
Q

problems created by variation (5)

A
  1. increases unpredictability 2. reduces capacity utilization 3. contributes to a “bullwhip” effect 4. difficult to find root causes 5. difficult to detect potential problems early
10
Q

statistical spread

A

variability in a sample or population

11
Q

bell shaped, mean and standard deviation control?

A

mean: controls the center standard deviation: controls the spread

12
Q

68-95-99.7 rule

A

68% of observations fall within 1 sd of the mean 95% fall within 2 99.7% fall within 3

13
Q

standard distribution mean and sd

A

mean of 0 sd of 1

14
Q

point estimate

A

single value serves as “best guess” of an unknown population parameter

15
Q

confidence interval

A

the amount of uncertainty associated with a sample estimate of a population parameter

16
Q

2 fundamental management mistakes

A
  1. treating special causes and common causes 2. treating common causes as special causes
17
Q

enumerative study

A

meant to explain the condition that exists with the existing population

18
Q

analytic study

A

focused on improvement of the process

19
Q
A

standard deviation

20
Q
A

z score

21
Q
A

finding a percentile

22
Q
A

point estimate q

23
Q
A

point estimate p

24
Q
A

confidence interval

25
Q
A

sample size with error