Ch9 Joints Flashcards
What is a joint (articulation)?
Point where 2 bones meet
Define arthrology
Science of joints
Define kinesiology
Study of musculoskeletal movement
How are joints classified?
- How adjacent bones are bound (anatomy)
- How freely bones can move (physiology)
What are the 4 major joint categories (anatomy)?
- Bony joints
- Fibrous joints
- Cartilaginous joints
- Synovial joints
Define bony joints
Gap between 2 bone ossifies, bone becomes (in effect) single bone
What’s an example of bony joints?
Frontal and mandibular bones in infants
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/358/144/836/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1633220059)
What is the physiology of bony joints?
Synostosis- immovable joint
Fibrous joints are bound by…
Collagen fibers
What are the 3 types of collagen fibers fibrous joints are bound by?
- Sutures
- Gomphoses
- Syndesmoses
Collagen fiber sutures bind bones of…
Skull
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/358/145/807/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1633220417)
Collagen fiber gomphoses bind ___ and is held by ______ which allows _____.
Collagen fiber gomphoses bind TOOTH IN SOCKET and is held by FIBROUS PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT which allows TOOTH TO MOVE A LITTLE UNDER STRESS OF CHEWING.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/358/146/720/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1633220734)
Collagen fiber syndesmoses is bound by ____ and has ____ collagen fibers so it has ______.
Collagen fiber syndesmoses is bound by TIBIA/FIBULA and has LONGER collagen fibers so it has A BIT MORE MOBILITY.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/358/147/456/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1633220995)
What is the physiology of fibrous joints?
Synarthroses- immovable or ever-so-slightly movable
Cartilaginous joints are bound by…
What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?
Bound by: cartilage
Types= Synchondroses & Symphyses
Cartilaginous joint synchondroses is bound by…
Hyaline cartilage
- first rib/sternum
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/358/147/910/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1633221248)
Cartilaginous joint symphyses is bound by…
Fibrocartilage
- intevertebral discs
- pubic symphysis
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/358/147/937/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1633221330)
What is the physiology of cartilaginous joints?
Physiology= mostly amphiarthroses- slightly moveable
Synovial joints are separated by…
most ____ type of joint
most ____ complex
What are examples?
Synovial joints are separated by: joint CAVITY
most FAMILAR type of joint
most STRUCTURALLY complex
Ex) knee, elbow, knuckle
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/358/148/092/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1633221615)
Synovial joints
________ encloses joint cavity
- continuous with ___________
- lined by….
Synovial joints
ARTICULAR CAPSULE encloses joint cavity
- continuous with PERIOSTEUM
- lined by SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/358/148/269/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1633290412)
Define synovial fluid
Slippery fluid; feeds cartilages
Define articular cartilage
Hyaline cartilage covering joint surfaces
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/358/227/131/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1633291535)
With synovial joints, explain what articular discs and menisci do and examples of them
- Absorbs shock, guides bone movement, distributes forces
ex) jaw, wrist, sternoclavicular, & knee joints
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/358/228/072/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1633291556)
With synovial joints, explain what the bursae does and examples of them
- Cushion muscles, help tendons slide more easily over joints
ex) fibrous sacs with synovial fluid, where tendon passes over bone
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/358/228/186/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1633291622)
With synovial joints, explain what tendon sheaths are and examples of them
- Elongated cylindrical bursae wrapped around tendon
ex) in hand and foot
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/358/228/671/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1633291710)
What is the physiology of synovial joints?
Physiology: diarthroses - freely movable joint
What is a lever?
Any elongated, rigid object that rotates around fixed point called fulcrum
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/358/229/594/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1633291969)
When does the rotation (around fixed point (fulcrum) occur?
Rotation occurs when effort applied overcomes resistance (load) at other point
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/358/230/655/a_image_thumb.jpeg?1633292062)
Long bones are levers to…
Levers to enhance speed or power of limb movements