changes in the gene pool Flashcards
all of the genes that exist within a species are known as the _______
gene pool
_______________ is a chnage in DNA sequence and results in a mutant allele
mutation
what are some ways new mutations may be introduced?
ionizing radiation
chemical exposures
mutagens
mistakes during DNA replication
transposons
incorrect nucleotide pairing
incorrect tRNA charging
_____________ can insert and remove themselves from the genome
transposons
____________ mutations occur when one nucleotide in DNA is swapped for another
point
___________ mutations occurs when the change in nucleotide has no effect on the final protein synthesized from the gene
silent
*due to degeneracy in the genetic code
___________ mutations occur when the chnage in nucleotide results in substituting one amino acid or another in the final product
missense
__________ mutations occurs when the change in nucleotide results in substituting a stop codon for an amino acid in the final protein
nonsense
______________ mutations occur when nucleotides are inserted into or deleted from te genom
frameshift
____________mutations are larger scale mutations in which large segments of DNA are affected
chromosomal
examples of chromosomal mutations?
- deletion
- insertion
- duplication
- translocation
- inversion
______________ mutations occur when a large segments of DNA is lost from a chromosome
deletion
______________ mutations occur when a segment of DNA is copied multiple times in the genome
duplication
______________ mutations occur when a segment of DNA is reversed within the chromosome
inversion
______________ mutations occur when a segment of DNA is moved from one chromosome to another
insertion
______________ mutations occur when a segment of DNA from one chromosome is swapped wth a segment of DNA from another chromosome
translocation
________________ is a flow of genes between species
gene leakage
*the hybrid carrier genes from both parent species, so this can result in anet flow of genes from one species to the other
_______________ refers to changes in composition of the gene pool de to chance
genetic drift
explain the founder effect
small population of a species finds itself in reproductive isolation from other populations as a result of natural barriers, catastrophic events, or other bottlenecks that drastically and suddenly reduce the sice of the population available for breeding
inbreeding encourages (homozygosity / heterozygosity)
homozygosity
*this increases the prevalence of both homozygous recessive and dominant genotypes
_____________ is the introduction of unrelated individuals into a breeding group
outbreeding / outcrossing
