skin

Question 1

layers of the skin?

Answer 1

1. hypodermis (deepest)
2. dermis
3. epidermis (outermost)

Question 2

the epidermis is subdivided into layers called __________

Answer 2

strata

Question 3

what are the three layers of the epidermis?

Answer 3

1. stratum basale (innermost)
2. stratum spinosum
3. stratum granulosum
4. stratum granulosum
5. stratum corneum (outermost)

*Come Lets Get Sun Burned

Question 4

statrum ___________ contains stem cells and is responsible for proliferation of keratinocytes

Answer 4

basale

*base = stem cells

Question 5

what do keratinocytes produce?

Answer 5

keratin

Question 6

stratum spinosum is the site of ____________ cells

Answer 6

langerhans

Question 7

stratum ________________ is where keratinocytes die and lose their nuclei

Answer 7

granulosum

Question 8

stratum ____________ is only present in thick, hairless skin (skin on the sole of the foot / palms)

Answer 8

lucidum

Question 9

what is the function of the stratum corneum?

Answer 9

contains several dozen layers of flattened keratinocytes, forming a barrier that prevents invasion by pathogens and that helps to prevent loss of fluids and salt

Question 10

what are the main cells in the epidermis?

Answer 10

keratinocytes

Question 11

____________ form from excessive keratin deposition in areas of repeated strain due to friction

Answer 11

calluses

Question 12

what cells are melanocytes derived from?

Answer 12

neural crest cells

Question 13

where are melanocytes found?

Answer 13

stratum basale

Question 14

where are langerhans cells found?

Answer 14

stratum spinosum

Question 15

what is the purpose of langerhans cells?

Answer 15

presenting antigens to t cells in order to activate the immune system

Question 16

layers of the dermis?

Answer 16

1. papillary layer
2. reticular layer

Question 17

____________ tissue makes up the papillary layer?

Answer 17

connective

Question 18

____________, ____________, and ___________ originate in the dermis

Answer 18

sweat glands
blood vessels
hair follicles

Question 19

T / F - most sensory receptors are located in the epidermis

Answer 19

false, dermis

Question 20

what type of stimuli do merkel cells respond to?

Answer 20

deep pressure and texture sensation

Question 21

what type of stimuli do meissner’s corpuscles respond to?

Answer 21

light touch

Question 22

what type of stimuli do ruffini endings respond to?

Answer 22

stretch

Question 23

what type of stimuli do pacinian corpuscles respond to?

Answer 23

deep pressure and vibration

Question 24

________________ is a lyaer of connective tissue that connects the skin to the rest of the body

Answer 24

hypodermis

Question 25

_____________ is achieved by sweating, piloerection, vasodilation, and vasoconstriction

Answer 25

thermoregulation

Question 26

sweating is controlled by the ____________ nervous system

Answer 26

autonomic

Question 27

postganglionic sympathetic neurons that utilize ________________ innervate sweat glands and promote the secretion of water with certain ions onto the skin

Answer 27

acetylcholine

Question 28

during hot conditions, arterioles vaso(dilate / constrict) to maximize heat lose

Answer 28

dilate *this brings a large amount of blood to the skin, which accelerates the evaporation

Question 29

explain piloerection

Answer 29

piloerection = goosebumps arrector pili muscles contract, causing the hairs of the skin to stand up on end this helps to trap a layer of air near the skin

Question 30

during cold conditions, aterioles that feed the capillaries of the skin (constrict / dilate)

Answer 30

constrict *this limits the quantity of blood reaching the skin

Question 31

___________ occurs when skeletal muscle contracts rapidly

Answer 31

shivering

Question 32

___________ fat has a much less efficient electron transport chain

Answer 32

brown *more heat energy is released as fuel is burned

Question 33

T / F - skin is relatively impermeable to water

Answer 33

true *this prevents the entrance and loss of water through tissues