anatomy of the cardiovascular system

Question 1

the cardiovascular system consists of what?

Answer 1

heart
blood
vessels

Question 2

the vasculature consists of what?

Answer 2

arteries
capillaries
veins

Question 3

after the blood travels through the veins, it returns to the ____________ side of the heart

Answer 3

right

Question 4

the right side of the heart accepts ___________ blood

Answer 4

deoxygenated

Question 5

the right side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood and moves it to the lungs by way of _____________

Answer 5

pulmonary arteries

Question 6

what are the two main pumps of the heart?

Answer 6

1. pulmonary circulation (right side)
2. systemic circulation (left side)

Question 7

the left side of the heart receives _________ blood

Answer 7

oxygenated

Question 8

the left side of the heart carrier oxygenated blood and move it to the body by way of _____________

Answer 8

pulmonary veins

Question 9

pulmonary veins are a part of which circulation pathway?

Answer 9

systemic circulation

*arteries = pulmonary circulation

Question 10

T / F - ventricles are more muscular than atria

Answer 10

true

Question 11

the atria are separated from the ventricles by the ___________ valves

Answer 11

atrioventricular valces

Question 12

the ventricules are separated from the vasculature by the ____________ valves

Answer 12

semilunar

Question 13

right atrium / right ventricle

valve?

Answer 13

tricuspid

LAB RAT
left atrium = bicuspid
right atrium = tricuspid

Question 14

left atrium / left ventricle

valve?

Answer 14

mitral / bicuspid valve

LAB RAT
left atrium = bicuspid
right atrium = tricuspid

Question 15

right ventricle / pulmonary circulation

valve?

Answer 15

pulmonary valve

Question 16

left ventricle / aorta

valve?

Answer 16

aortic valve

Question 17

T / F - the right side of the heart is more muscular than the left side

Answer 17

false, the left side is more muscular

*blood leaving the left side of the heart must travel throughout the body so the blood pressure must be higher

Question 18

explain the electrical conduction pathway of the heart

Answer 18

SA node
AV node
bundle of his
purkinje fibers

Question 19

where is the SA node located?

Answer 19

right atrium

Question 20

when the SA node is depoalrized, _____________ contract simultaneously

Answer 20

atria

Question 21

T / F - atrial systole results in an increase in atrial pressure that forces a little more blood into the ventricles

Answer 21

true

*this is known as the atrial kick

Question 22

where is the AV node loctated?

Answer 22

junction of the atria and the ventricles

Question 23

____________ is embedded in the interventricular septum

Answer 23

bundle of his

Question 24

______________ distribute the electrical signal through teh centricular muscle

Answer 24

purkinje fibers

Question 25

T / F - the circulatory system is under autonomic control

Answer 25

true

Question 26

what is the effect of sympathetic signals on the heart?

Answer 26

sympathetic = fight or flight speeds up the heart rate increases contractility of cardiac muscle

Question 27

what is the effect of parasympathetic signals on the heart?

Answer 27

parasympathetic = rest and digest slows down heart rate

Question 28

during _____________, ventricles contract and AV valve closure occurs, blood is then pumped out of the ventricles

Answer 28

systole

Question 29

during ____________, the ventricles are relaxes, the semilunar valves are closed, and blood from the atria fills the ventricles

Answer 29

diastole

Question 30

does higher pressure occur during systole or diastole?

Answer 30

systole

Question 31

____________ is the total blood volume pumped by a ventircle in a minute

Answer 31

cardiac output (CO)

Question 32

___________ is the beats per minutes

Answer 32

heart rate (HR)

Question 33

____________ is the volume of blood pumped per beat

Answer 33

stroke volume (SV)

Question 34

what is the mathematical connection between cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume?

Answer 34

CO = HR x SV

Question 35

____________ carries blood away from the heart

Answer 35

arteries

Question 36

arteries branch into ____________ which ultimately lead to ____________ that perfuse tissue

Answer 36

arteries --> arterioles --> capillaries

Question 37

__________ --> __________ --> veins

Answer 37

capillaries --> venues --> veins

Question 38

venous blood empties into the ______ and __________ for entry into the right side of the heart

Answer 38

superior and inferior vena cava

Question 39

all blood vessels are lined with ______________ that helps to maintain the vessel by releasing vasodilation / vasocontriction chemicals

Answer 39

endothelial cells

Question 40

most arteries contain _________ blood

Answer 40

oxygenated blood

Question 41

_______ and ____________ are the only arteries than contain deoxygenated blood

Answer 41

pulmonary arteries (away from heart to lungs) umbilical arteries (away from fetus to placenta)

Question 42

the thin wall of capillaries allows easy diffusion of __________, ________, and _________

Answer 42

gases, nutrients, and wastes

Question 43

_____________ are thin walled, inelastic vessels that transport vlood to the heart

Answer 43

veins

Question 44

for the msot part, veins carry _____________ blood

Answer 44

deoxygenated *this excludes the pulmonary and umbilical veins

Question 45

__________ are smaller venous structrue that connect capillaries to the larger veins of the body

Answer 45

venules

Question 46

T / F - the larger amount of smooth uscle in the walls of veins gives then less recoil than arteries

Answer 46

false, the smaller amount of smooth uscle in the walls of veins gives then less recoil than arteries

Question 47

veins are able to accomodate (smaller / larger) quantities of blood

Answer 47

larger

Question 48

T / F - the total volume of arterial blood is noramlly much less than the volume of venous blood, but the total volume passing through either side of the heart per unit time is the same

Answer 48

true

Question 49

larger veins have ___________ to prevent the backflow of blood

Answer 49

valves

Question 50

failure of venous valves can result in the formation of ____________

Answer 50

varicose veins *this is often seen in pregnant women due to the compression of the inferior vena cava by the fetus

Question 51

T / F - veins must rely on an external force to generate the pressure to push blood toward the heart

Answer 51

true

Question 52

_____________ generates the external force to generate the pressure to push blood toward the heart

Answer 52

surroudning skeletal muscle

Question 53

____________ is a clot in the deep veins of the leg

Answer 53

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Question 54

explain the flow of blood starting / ending at the right atrium

Answer 54

right atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle pulmonary valve pulmonary artery lungs pulmonary veins left atrium bicuspid valve left ventricle aortic valve aorta arteries aterioles capillaries venules veins vena cava right atrium

Question 55

what are the three portal systems in the body which blood will pass through more than one capillary bed in series?

Answer 55

1. hepatic portal system 2. hypophyseal portal system 3. renal portal system

Question 56

hepatic portal system blood leaving the capillary beds in the ___________ passes through the hepatic portal vein before reaching the capillary bed of the _________

Answer 56

gut liver

Question 57

hypophyseal portal system blood leaving the capillary beds in the ___________ travels to a capillary bed in the _____________ to allow for paracrine seretion of hormones

Answer 57

hypothalamus anterior pituitary

Question 58

renal portal system blood leaving the capillary beds in the ___________ travels through an efferent arteriole bfore surrounding the nephron in a capillary network called the _________

Answer 58

glomerulus vasa recta