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A&P 1 > Chap8: Skeletal System & Chap9: Joints > Flashcards

Chap8: Skeletal System & Chap9: Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum,sacrum and hyoid

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2
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Pectoral and Pelvic Girdle. Upper and Lower Extremities

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3
Q

Number of Bones

A

206: Adult; 270: at birth

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4
Q

Number of bones in the skull

A

22

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5
Q

Number of Facial bones

A

14

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6
Q

Number of Vertebrae

A

33 (C7, T12, L5, S5, Coc4)

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7
Q

Number of Spinal Curvatures

A

4

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8
Q

Kyphosis

A

Hunchback

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9
Q

Lordosis

A

Swayback

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10
Q

Scoliosis

A

Lateral curvature of spine

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11
Q

Number of Intervertebral discs

A

23

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12
Q

Nucleus Pulposus

A

Inner gelatinous mass

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13
Q

Anulus Fibrosis

A

Outer ring of fibrocartilage

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14
Q

Atlas C1

A

Supports the head, has no body

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15
Q

Axis C2

A

Allows head rotation, held in place by transverse ligament. Atlantoaxial joint= joint between c1 and c2

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16
Q

Number of ribs

A

12… True: 1-7… False:8-12… Floating:11 and 12

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17
Q

Purpose of Joints

A

Joints link the bones of the skeletal system, permit effective movement, and protect the softer organs

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18
Q

Joint Articulation

A

any point where two bones meet, whether or not the bones are movable at that interface

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19
Q

4 Major Joint Categories

A

Bony joints
Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints

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20
Q

Synostosis aka Bony Joint

A

an immobile joint formed when the gap between two bones ossifies, and the bones become, in effect, a single bone

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21
Q

Synarthrosis aka Fibrous Joints

A

adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from one bone and penetrate into the other

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22
Q

3 Kinds of Fibrous Joints

A

Sutures, Gomphoses, Syndesmosis

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23
Q

Kinds of Bony Joints

A

Mandibular bones in infants, sutures in elderly, attachment of first rib

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24
Q

Classification of sutures

A

serrate (interlocking), lap(overlap) and plane (straight)

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25
Syndesmosis
a fibrous joint at which two bones are bound by long collagen fibers (Ex. interosseous membrane between radius and ulna or tibia and fibula)
26
Cartilaginous Joint aka Ampiarthrosis
Two bones linked by cartilage
27
2 Kinds of Cartilaginous Joints
Synchondrosis and Symphesis
28
Synchondrosis
Joined by hyaline cartilage (Ex. plates in children)
29
Symphysis
Joined by fibrocartilage (Ex. pubic symphysis, vert discs)
30
Synovial Joint aka Diarthrosis
joint in which two bones are separated by a joint cavity
31
Joint articular cavity
separates articular surfaces
32
joint articular capsule
connective tissue that encloses cavity and retains the fluid
33
Lever
any elongated, rigid object that rotates around a fixed point called a fulcrum
34
Components of a lever
Resistance, Fulcrom, Effort
35
Mechanical Advantage of a Lever
The ratio of output force to input force
36
1st class lever
Fulcrum in the middle. EFR
37
2nd class lever
Resistance in the middle FRE (Bouncing baby on knee)
38
3rd class lever
Effort in the middle REF (Most joints. Ex. rowing a boat)
39
Range of Motion (ROM)
The degrees through which a joint can move
40
6 classes of synovial joints
Ball-and-socket, condylar, saddle, plane, hinge, pivot
41
Zero position
the position of a joint when a person is in the standard anatomical position
42
Elevation
movement that raises body part vertically in the frontal plane
43
Depression
Movement that lowers body part in the frontal plane
44
Protraction
The anterior movement of a body part in the transverse (horizontal) plane
45
Retraction
Posterior movement of a body part in the transverse (horizontal) plane
46
Circumduction
One end of an appendage remains in one spot while the other end makes a circular motion
47
Rotation
A bone spins on its longitudinal axis. Medial/Internal rotation turns bone inward. Lateral/External rotation turns the bone outward
48
Lateral Flexion
Tilting the head or trunk to the right or left at the midline
49
Lateral Excursion
Right or left movement from the zero position
50
Medial Excursion
Movement back to the zero position from right or left (Chewing)
51
Palmar abduction
Moving thumb away from hand and pointing it anteriorly
52
Radial Abduction
Moving thumb away from index finger
53
Flexion of thumb
Tip of thumb directed toward palm
54
Extension of thumb
Straightening the thumb
55
Temporomandibular (jaw) joint (TMJ)
articulation of the condyle of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
56
Glenohumeral (humeroscapular) joint
Hemispherical head of humerus articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula
57
Elbow—a hinge that includes two articulations
Humeroulnar joint: trochlea of the humerus joins trochlear notch of the ulna Humeroradial joint: capitulum of humerus meets head of radius
58
Coxal (hip) joint
head of femur inserts into acetabulum of hip bone
59
Tibiofemoral (knee) joint
largest and most complex diarthrosis of the body. Hinge Joint
60
Arthroscopy
procedure in which interior of joint is viewed with a pencil-thin arthroscope inserted through a small incision
61
Talocrural (ankle) joint- includes 2 articulations
Medial joint: between tibia and talus | Lateral joint: between fibula and talus
62
Arthritis
a broad term for pain and inflammation of joints. Most common crippling disease in the U.S.
63
Rheaumatalogist
physicians who treat arthritis and other joint disorders
64
Osteoarthritis (OA)—most common form of arthritis
Wear-and-tear arthritis” Results from years of joint wear Articular cartilage softens and degenerates Accompanied by crackling sounds called crepitus Bone spurs develop on exposed bone tissue causing pain
65
Rheaumatoid Arthritis
autoimmune attack against the joint tissues
66
Arthroplasty
replacement of diseased joint with artificial device called prosthesis

A&P 1 (10 decks)

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