Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P 1 > Chapter 7: Bones > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Bones Flashcards

1
Q

osteology

A

the study of bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the skeletal system is composed of

A

bones, cartilage and ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

purpose of cartilage

A

covers many joint surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

purpose of ligaments

A

bone to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

purpose of tendons

A

muscle to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Functions of the skeleton

A

support, protect, movement, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, blood formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is osseus tissue

A

connective tissue with the matrix hardened by calcium phosphate and other minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is mineralization or calcification

A

the hardening process of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Flat Bones

A

thin,, curved plates that protect soft organs. sandwich like construction. Diploe = spongy middle layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Long Bones

A

longer than wide; crucial for movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Short bones

A

aproxx equal in length and width

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Irregular bones

A

elaborate shapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

skeleton = 3/4 of what and 1/4 of what

A

3/4 = compact bone…..1/4 = spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Another name for growth plate

A

Epiphyseal plate; epiphyseal line is where growth plates used to be

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Osteogenic Cells

A

Stem cells found in endosteum and inner layer of periosteum. Contually multiply. Come from Mesenchyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone-forming cells. Single layer under endosteum and periosteum. Stress tells osteogenic to increase the number of osteoblasts. Also secrete osteocalcin which stimulates insulin secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Osteocytes

A

Former osteoblasts that become trapped in the matrix they deposited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Bone dissolving cells found in bone surface. Develop from bone marrow stem cells (WBC/Monocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Matrix

A

1/3 organic and 2/3 inorganic matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Organic Matter of the matrix

A

synthesized by osteoblasts. Made of Collagen, carb-protein complex, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and glycoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Inorganic Matter of the matrix

A

85% hydroxyapatite, 10% calcium carbonate, 5% other minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ceramic material

A

allows bone to support body weight without sagging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Polymer material

A

(protein) give the bones some flexibility

24
Q

Bone Marrow

A

soft tissue occupying marrow cavities of long bones and small spaces of spongy bone

25
Red Marrow (Myeloid tissue)
hemopoetic- produces blood cells, in nearly every bone of children. In the skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, part of pelvic girdle and proximal heads of humerus and femur
26
Yellow Marrow
Fatty marrow that does now produce blood.
27
Ossification or Osteogenesis
the formation of bone
28
Bone develops how in the infant and fetus
Either intramembranous ossification (flat bones, long bones) or endochondral ossification (taking cartilage to create bone)
29
Bone Elongation
epiphyseal plate - cartilage transitions to bone | Interstitial growth - growth from within
30
Achondroplastic Dwarfism
long bones stop growing in childhood, failure of cartilage growth in metaphysis
31
Pituitary Dwarfism
lack of growth hormone, normal proportions with short stature
32
Bone Remodeling
Breakdown and rebuilding (absorption and deposition) occurs throughout life (10% of skeleton per year)
33
Wolff's Law of Bone
architecture of bone determined by mechanical stress placed on it
34
Physiology of Osseus Tissue
involved in its own maintenance. Influences the rest of the body by exchanging minerals with tissue fluid. Disturbance of calcium homeostasis in skeleton disrupts function of other organ systems.
35
Mineral Deposition (mineralization)
Process in which calcium, phosphate and other ions are taken from blood and DEPOSITED in bone
36
Mineral Resorption
Process of dissolving bone and releasing minerals into the blood
37
Purpose of Phosphate
component of DNA, RNA, ATP, phospholipids and pH buffers
38
Purpose of Calcium
needed in Neuron communication, muscle contraction, blood clotting and exocytosis. 1,100 g in adult body (99% in bones). 18% exchanged with blood every year. 9.2-10.4 mg/dL in blood plasma
39
Purpose of minerals
Deposited in skeleton and withdrawn into the blood when they are needed for other purposes.
40
Hypocalcemia
deficient calcium in blood
41
Hypercalcemia
excessive calcium levels
42
Calcitonin
Secreted by C cells (clear cells) of thyroid gland when blood calcium levels are too high. Blood calcium levels are lowered 2 ways = Inhibit osteoclasts and Stimulates osteoblasts
43
Calcitriol
most active form of Vit D. Hormone that raises blood calcium levels
44
3 Hormones responsible for Calcium Homeostasis
Calcitriol, PTH and Calcitonin
45
PTH (parathyroid hormone)
secreted by PT glands on posterior surface. Released when calcium levels are low in blood.
46
Rickets
softness of bones in children
47
Osteomalacia
softness of bones in adults
48
Orthopedics
branch of medicine dealing with prevention and correction of injuries and disorders of bones, muscles and joints
49
Stress Fracture
break caused by abnormal trauma to a bone
50
Pathological Fracture
break in a bone weakened by disease ( such as bone cancer or osteoporosis)
51
Closed reduction
procedure in which bone fragments are manipulated into their normal positions without surgery
52
Open Reduction
Involves surgical exposure of the bone and the use of plates, screws or pins
53
Cast
used to stabilize and immobilize healing bones
54
Osteoporosis
most common bone disease; severe loss of bone density due to loss of matrix and minerals
55
Effect of estrogen on bones
maintains bone density in both sexes, inhibits resorption by osteoclasts
56
How to treat osteoporosis
ERT (estrogen replacement therapy), slows bone resorption (breakdown) but increases risk of breast cancer, stroke and heart disease. PTH slows bone loss if injected daily Also treat by exercise and diet

A&P 1 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions