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Biology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an organism

A

A single living individual

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of life

A

Organization, Energy Use, Maintenance of internal constancy (homeostasis), Reproduction, Growth, and Development, and Evolution

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3
Q

What is an example of organization

A

atoms make up molecules

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4
Q

What is an example of energy use

A

A kitten uses the energy from it’s mother’s milk to fuel its own growth

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5
Q

What is an example of homeostasis

A

Your kidneys regulate your body’s water balance by adjusting the concentration of your urine

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6
Q

What is an example of Reproduction, Growth and Development

A

An acorn germinates, develops into an oak seedling that increases in size, and, at maturity, reproduces sexually to produce its own acorns

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7
Q

What is an example of evolution

A

Increasing numbers of bacteria survive treatment with antibiotic drugs

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8
Q

What are atoms

A

A particle of matter; composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons

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9
Q

What are molecules

A

Two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds

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10
Q

What are organelles

A

Compartment of a eukaryotic cell that performs a specialized function

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11
Q

What are organs

A

Two or more tissues that interact and function as an integrated unit

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12
Q

What is an organ system

A

Two ore more physically or functionally linked organs

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13
Q

What is the Life’s Organizational Hierarchy

A

Atom, Molecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, and Biosphere

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14
Q

Example of Atom

A

Carbon Atom

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15
Q

Example of Molecule

A

DNA

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16
Q

Example of Organelle

A

Chloroplast

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17
Q

Example of Cell

A

Leaf Cell

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18
Q

Example of Tissue

A

Epidermis of leaf

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19
Q

Example of Organ

A

Leaf

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20
Q

Example of Organ System

A

Aboveground part of a plant

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21
Q

Example of Organism

A

One acacia tree

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22
Q

Example of Population

A

Multiple acacia tree

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23
Q

Example of Community

A

All populations in a savana

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24
Q

Example of Ecosystem

A

The savana

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25
Example of Biosphere
The global ecosystem
26
What is a population
Interbreeding members of the same species occupying the same region
27
What is a community
A group of interacting populations that inhabit the same region
28
What is an ecosystem
A community and its nonliving environment
29
What is a biosphere
A part of Earth where life can exist
30
What is emergent property
Quality that results from interactions of a system's components
31
Example of Emergent Property
From Cells to Memory. Highly branched cells interact to form a complex network in the brain. Memories, consciousness, and other qualities of the mind emerge only when the cells interact in a certain way
32
What are primary producers
A species forming the base of a food web by extracting energy and nutrients from nonliving sources; an autotroph. Ex. Plants
33
What are Consumers
Organisms that eat other organisms; a heterotroph. Ex: Human
34
What are Decomposers
Organism that consumes wastes and dead organic matter, returning inorganic nutrients to the ecosystem. Ex: Fungi
35
What is homeostasis
A state of internal constancy in the presence of changing external conditions. Ex: Temperature Homeostasis
36
What is asexual reproduction
Form of reproduction in which offspring arise from only one parent. Ex: Strawberry Plant
37
What is sexual reproduction
The combination of genetic material from two individuals to create a third individual Ex: humans
38
What is development
Changes that occur as an organism matures, including growth, cell specialization, and other processes
39
What is adaptation
inherited trait that permits an organism to survive and reproduce
40
What is natural selection
Differential reproduction of organisms based on inherited traits. Ex: Animals eat plants. Plants don't grown as much.
41
What is evolution
Descent with modification; change in allele frequencies in a population over time
42
Who introduced the theory of evolution
Charles Darwin
43
If bacteria reproduces asexually, but they still evolve. What is their source of genetic variation?
The source of genetic variation is mutations
44
What is taxonomy
The science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms
45
What is species
A distinct type of organism
46
What is genus
Taxonomic category that groups closely related species
47
What is domain
Broadest (most inclusive) taxonomic category
48
What are the three domains
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
49
What are Kingdoms
The taxonomic category below domain
50
What are the three kingdoms
Animalia, Fungi, and Plantae
51
List the Taxonomic Group
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
52
What are the four main groups of eukaryotes
Protists, Animalia, Fungi, and Plants
53
Domain Bacteria have what characteristics
Prokaryotic (lack nuclei), most are unicellular
54
Domain Archaea have what characteristics
Prokaryotic (lack nuclei), most are unicellular
55
Domain Eukarya have what characteristics
Eukaryotic (contain nuclei), can be unicellular or multicellular
56
Characteristics of Protista
Unicellular or multicellular, autotrophs or heterotrophs
57
Characteristics of Animalia
Multicellular and heterotrophs (by ingestion)
58
Characteristics of Fungi
Most are multicellular, Heterotrophs (by external digestion)
59
Characteristics of Plantae
Multicellular and autotrophs
60
What is the scientific method
A systematic approach to understanding the natural world based on evidence and testable hypotheses
61
What is a hypothesis
A testable, tentative explanation based on prior knowledge
62
What is subject size
Number of subjects in each experimental group
63
Independent variable
Ex: Dose of Vaccine
64
What is an Independent variable
Ex: Dose of Vaccine
65
What is a Dependent Variable
Ex: Number of children with illness caused by rotavirus
66
What is a Standardized variable
Age and health of children in study
67
What is a control group
Untreated group used as a basis for comparison with a treated group in an experiment
68
What is a placebo
Inert substance used as an experimental control
69
what is Statistically significant
Unlikely to be attributed to chance
70
What is the difference between a hypothesis
Both hypotheses and theories are explanations for natural phenomena. Although a theory is comprehensive explanation supported by evidence
71
What are some limitations of scientific inquiry
Scientific inquiry cannot answer subjective questions.
72
What observations led Darwin and Wallace to predict the existence of a long-tongued moth in Madagascar
They knew that Orchids with long nectar tubes were in Madagascar and long-tongued moths were in England.
73
How does the story of Darwin and Wallace illustrate discovery science
The moth was finally discovered by scientists examining insect collections from Madagascar, not through experimentation
74
Evolution through natural selection will occur most rapidly for populations of plants that
Reproduce sexually and live in an unstable environment

Biology (10 decks)

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