{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "Brainscape", "url": "https://www.brainscape.com/", "logo": "https://www.brainscape.com/pks/images/cms/public-views/shared/Brainscape-logo-c4e172b280b4616f7fda.svg", "sameAs": [ "https://www.facebook.com/Brainscape", "https://x.com/brainscape", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/brainscape", "https://www.instagram.com/brainscape/", "https://www.tiktok.com/@brainscapeu", "https://www.pinterest.com/brainscape/", "https://www.youtube.com/@BrainscapeNY" ], "contactPoint": { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "(929) 334-4005", "contactType": "customer service", "availableLanguage": ["English"] }, "founder": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Andrew Cohen" }, "description": "Brainscape’s spaced repetition system is proven to DOUBLE learning results! Find, make, and study flashcards online or in our mobile app. Serious learners only.", "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "159 W 25th St, Ste 517", "addressLocality": "New York", "addressRegion": "NY", "postalCode": "10001", "addressCountry": "USA" } }
Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

(86 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is matter

A

Substance that takes up space and is made of atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is energy

A

The ability to do work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an element

A

A pure substance consisting of atoms containing a characteristic number of protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the periodic table

A

Chart that lists elements according to their properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a bulk element

A

An element that an organism requires in large amounts. Ex: Phosphorus and Calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a trace element

A

An element that an organism requires in small amounts. Ex: Iron and Zinc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an atom

A

A particle of matter; composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are neutrons

A

A particle in an atom’s nucleus that is electrically neutral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a nucleus

A

The central part of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an electron

A

A negatively charged particle that orbits the atom’s nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an atomic number

A

The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What makes an atom electrically neutral

A

When the number of protons are equal to the number of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an ion

A

An atom that has gained or lost electrons and therefore has a net negative or positive charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a mass number

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an isotope

A

Any of the forms of an element, each having a different number of neutrons in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is atomic weight

A

The average mass of all atoms of an element. Typically close to the mass number of the most abundant isotope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is radioactive

A

Atom that emits particles or rays as its nucleus disintegrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which four elements do organism require in the large amounts

A

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where in an atom are protons, neutrons, and electrons located

A

An atom’s protons and neutrons are in its nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does an element’s atomic number indicate

A

Indicates the number of protons in its nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How are the isotopes of an element different from one another

A

Isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a molecule

A

Two ore more chemically joined atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a compound

A

A molecule composed of two ore more different elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are orbitals

A

volume of space where a particular electron is likely to be

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are energy shells
Group of electron orbitals that share the same energy level
26
What is an atom's valence shell
The outermost occupied energy shell of an atom
27
What is an ionic bond
An attraction between oppositely charged ions
28
What is a covalent bond
Two atoms that share electrons
29
What is a polar covalent bond
A covalent bond in which electrons are attracted more to one atom's nucleus than to the other
30
What is a non polar covalent bond
A covalent bond in which atoms share electrons equally
31
What is a hydrogen bond
A weak chemical bond between opposite partial charges on two molecules or within one large molecule
32
How are atoms, molecules, and compounds related
Two ore more atoms bonded together form a molecule. A compound is a molecule made of atoms of two or more different elements
33
How does the number of valence electrons determine an atom's tendency to form bonds
An atom is most stable if its valence (outermost) shell is full. The number of vacancies in the valence shell determine how many it will lose, gain, or share.
34
What are the characters of water
Cohesion and adhesion, dissolves substances, regulates temperature, expands as it freezes, and chemical reactance and product
35
What is cohesion
The attraction of water molecules to one another
36
What is adhesion
The attraction of water molecules to substances other than water
37
Define solvent
A chemical in which other substances dissolve, forming a solution
38
Define solute
A chemical that dissolves in a solvent, forming a solution
39
What is solution
A mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent
40
Define Hydrophilic
Attracted to water
41
Define hydrophobic
Repelled by water
42
Define evaporation
The conversion of a liquid to a vapor (gas)
43
Define chemical reaction
Interaction in which bonds break and new bonds form
44
Define reactant
A starting material in a chemical reaction
45
Define products
The result of a chemical reaction
46
How does water hep an organism regulate its body temperature
The hydrogen bonds in water keep it from changing temperature quickly
47
What happens in a chemical reaction
Reactants swap atoms to form products. As atoms are swapped, chemical bonds are broken, energy is released or used in the reaction and new chemical bonds are formed
48
What is an acid
A molecule that releases hydrogen ions into a solution
49
What is neutral (solution)
neither acidic nor basic
50
What is a base
A molecule that either releases hydroxide ions into a solution or removes hydrogen ions from it
51
What is the pH scale
A measurement of how acidic or basic a solution is
52
What is the meaning of alkaline (basic)
having a pH greater than 7
53
What is a buffer
weak acid/base pair that resists changes in pH
54
How do buffers regulate the pH of a fluid
pairs of weak acids and bases consume or release H+. Adding an acid or base therefore does not affect the pH of a buffered solution
55
What are organic molecules
compound containing both carbon and hydrogen
56
What are polymers
A long molecule composed of similar subunits (monomers)
57
What is a monomer
A single unit of a polymer
58
What is dehydration synthesis
A formation of covalent bond between two molecules by the loss of water
59
What is hydrolysis
splitting a molecule by adding water
60
What is a carbohydrate
compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a ration 1:2:1
61
What is a monosaccharide
a sugar molecule that contains five or six carbon atoms
62
What is a disaccharide
A simple sugar that consists of two bonded monosaccharides
63
What are oligosaccharide
Intermediate-length carbohydrate consisting of 3 to 100 monosaccharides
64
What is a polysaccharide
Carbohydrate consisting of hundreds of monosaccharides
65
What are amino acids
An organic molecule consisting of a central carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and an R group
66
What is an amino group
A nitrogen atom sing-bonded tow two hydrogen atoms
67
What is a protein
A polymer consisting of amino acids and amino acids and folded into its functional three-dimensional shape
68
What is an R group
An amino acid side chain
69
What is a peptide bond
A covalent bond between adjacent amino acids; results from dehydration synthesis
70
What is a polypeptide
A long polymer of amino acids; it is called a protein once it folds into its functional shape
71
What is denature
To modify a protein's shape so that its function is destroyed
72
What is nucleic acid
A long polymer of of nucleotides; DNA or RNA
73
What is a nucleotide
Building block of a nucleic acid; consists of a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a five-carbon sugar
74
What is a nitrogenous base
A nitrogen-containing compound that forms part of a nucleotide
75
What are lipids
hydrophobic organic molecule consisting mostly of carbon and hydrogen
76
What is a triglyceride
lipid consisting of one glycerol bonded to three fatty acids
77
What are fatty acids
long-chain hydrocarbon terminating with a carboxyl group
78
What is glycerol
A three-carbon molecule that forms the backbone of triglycerides and phospholipids
79
What is a saturated fatty acid
A fatty acid with single bonds between all carbon atoms
80
What is unsaturated fatty acid
A fatty acid with at least one double bond between carbon atoms
81
What is a steroid
Lipid consisting of four interconnected carbon rings
82
What are waxes
Lipid consisting of fatty acids connected to alcohol or other molecules
83
Distinguish between hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis
Hydrolysis break covalent bonds between the subunits of a large molecule. Dehydration synthesis forms a covalent bond that link subunits of a large molecule
84
What are the monomers of polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Polysaccharides are monosaccharides. Proteins are amino acids, and Nucleic acids are nucleotides
85
What is the function of a protein shape
It determines the function of the protein.
86
What is the difference between RNA and DNA
Rna is typically a single strand of nucleotides, includes ribose, and has a nitrogenous base uracil. DNA is a double strand of nucleotides, includes deoxyribose, and has thymine.

Biology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions