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Biology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

(31 cards)

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1
Q

what is stored energy available to do work

A

Potential energy

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2
Q

What is energy in motion; any moving object possesses this form of energy

A

Kinetic energy

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3
Q

What law is the law of energy conservation. That energy cannot be created nor destroyed

A

First law of thermodynamics

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4
Q

What law states that all energy is inefficient because every reaction loses some energy to the surroundings as heat

A

Second law of thermodynamics

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5
Q

What is the measure of randomness

A

entropy

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6
Q

What is the biochemical reactions of a cell

A

metabolism

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7
Q

What is a chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy

A

endergonic reaction

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8
Q

What is an energy-releasing chemical reaction

A

Exergonic reaction

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9
Q

What is a chemical reaction in which one reactant is oxidized and another is reduces

A

Oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction

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10
Q

What is a molecule whos high-energy phosphate bonds power many biological processes

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate

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11
Q

What are two simultaneous chemical reactions, one of which provides the enrgy that drives the other

A

coupled reactions

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12
Q

What is the additition of phosphate to a molecule

A

phosphorylation

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13
Q

What is energy required for a chemical reaction to begin

A

activation energy

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14
Q

What is the regulatory mechanism in which a change in a condition triggers action that reverses the change

A

negative feedback

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15
Q

What is the change in an enzyme’s shape occurring when an inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site

A

noncompetitive inhibition

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16
Q

What is the change in an enzyme’s activity occurring when an inhibitor binds to the active site, competing with the enxyme’s normal substrate

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A

competitive inhibition

17
Q

What is the process that reinforces an existing condition

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A

positive feedback

18
Q

What is the property that enables a membrane to admit some substances and exlude others

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A

selective permeability

19
Q

What is the difference in solute concentrations between two adjacent regions

Study These Flashcards
A

concentration gradient

20
Q

What is the movement of a solute across a membrane without the direct expenditure of energy

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A

passive transport

21
Q

What is the movement of a substance from a region where it is highly concentrated to an area where it is less concentrated

22
Q

What is the form of passive transport in which a substance moves down its concentration gradient without the use of a transport protein

Study These Flashcards
A

Simple diffusion

23
Q

What describes a solution in which the solute concentration is lower than on the other side of a selectively permeable membrane

24
Q

What describes a solution in which the solute concentration is higher than on the other side of a selectively permeable membrane

25
What is the force of water pressing against the cell wall
turgor pressure
26
What is the form of passive transport in which a substance moves down its concentration gradient with the aid of a transport protein
facilitated diffusion
27
What is the movemenet of a substance across a membrane against its concentration gradient, using a carrier protein and energy from ATP
active transport
28
What is the protein that uses energy from ATP to transport Na+ out of cells and K+ into cells
sodium-potassium pump
29
What is the form of transport in which a memebrane engulfs substances to bring them into a cell
endocytosis
30
What is the form of endocytosis in which the cell engulfs a large particle
phagocytosis
31
Form of transport in which vesicles fuse with the cell membrane to carry materials out of a cell
exoxytosis

Biology (10 decks)

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