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Biology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

What is cell theory

A

The ideas that all living matter consists of cells, cells are the structural and functional units of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells

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2
Q

What do all cells do

A

Have the same basic chemical composition, use energy, and contain DNA that is duplicated and passed on as each cell divides

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3
Q

What are ribosomes

A

A structure build of RNA and protein where mRNA anchors during protein synthesis

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4
Q

What is cell membrane

A

The boundary of a cell, consisting of proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer

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5
Q

What is cytoplasm

A

The watery mixture that occupies much of a cell’s volume. In eukaryotic cells, it consists of all materials, including organelles, between the nuclear envelope and the cell membrane

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6
Q

What is cytosol

A

The fluid portion of the cytoplasm

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7
Q

Why are cells the basic unit of life

A

A cell can carry out all of the functions of life

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8
Q

List main type of microscopes from lowest to highest potential magnification

A

light microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope

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9
Q

Which molecules and structures occur in all cells

A

All cells have DNA, proteins, RNA, ribosomes, a watery cytoplasm, and a cell membrane

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10
Q

What are prokaryotes

A

A cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bounded organelles; bacteria and archaea

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11
Q

What is a eukaryote

A

An organism composed of one or more cells containing a nucleus and other membrane-bounded organelles

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12
Q

What is a nucleoid

A

The part of a prokaryotic cell where the DNA is located

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13
Q

What is the cell wall

A

A rigid boundary surrounding cells of many prokaryotes, protists, plants, and fungi

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14
Q

What is flagellum

A

A long, whiplike appendage of a cell uses for motility

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15
Q

What is a phospholipid

A

Molecule consisting of glycerol, two hydrophobic fatty acids, and a hydrophilic phosphate group

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16
Q

What is a phospholipid bilayer

A

double layer of phospholipids that forms in water; forms the majority of a cell’s membrane

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17
Q

What is fluid mosaic

A

two-dimensional structure of movable phospholipids and proteins that form biological membranes

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18
Q

What is an endomembrane system

A

eukaryotic organelles that exchange materials in transport vesicles

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19
Q

What is a vesicle

A

A membrane-bounded sac that transports materials in a cell

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20
Q

What is the nucleus (cell)

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A

The membrane-bounded sac that contains DNA in a eukaryotic cell

21
Q

What is a nuclear pore

Study These Flashcards
A

A hole in the nuclear envelope

22
Q

What is a nuclear envelope

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A

The two membranes bounding a cell’s nucleus

23
Q

What is a nucleolus

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A

A structure within the nucleus where components of ribosomes are assembled

24
Q

What is endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

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A

Interconnected, membranous tubules and sacs in a eukaryotic cell

25
What is rough endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome-studded portion of the ER where secreted proteins are synthesized
26
What is smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Portion of the ER that produces lipids and detoxifies poisons
27
What is the Golgi apparatus
A system of flat, stacked, membrane-bounded sacs that packages cell products for export
28
What is lysosome
Organelle in a eukaryotic cell that buds from the Golgi apparatus and enzymatically dismantles molecules, bacteria, and worn-out cell parts
29
What is a vacuole
A membrane-bounded storage sac in a cell, especially the large central vacuole in a plant cell
30
What is a peroxisome
Membrane-bounded sac that houses enzymes that break down fatty acids and dispose of toxic chemicals
31
What is the mitochondrion
Organelle that houses the reactions of cellular respiration in eukaryotes
32
What is Crista
Fold of the inner mitochondrial membrane along which many of the reactions of cellular respiration occur
33
What is chloroplast
Organelle housing the reactions of photosynthesis in eukaryotes
34
What is cytoskeleton
Framework of protein rods and tubules in eukaryotic cells
35
What is microfilament
Component of the cytoskeleton; made of the protein actin
36
What is intermediate filament
Component of the cytoskeleton; intermediate in size between a microtubule and a microfilament
37
What is a microtubule
Component of the cytoskeleton; made of subunits of tubulin protein
38
What is a centrosome
Part of the cell that organizes microtubules
39
What is cilium
One of many short, movable protein projections extending from a cell
40
What are the intercellular junctions of an animal cell
Tight junctions, anchoring junctions, and gap junctions
41
What are the intercellular junctions of a plant cell
Plasmodesmata
42
What is a tight junction
Connection between two adjacent animal cells that prevents fluid from flowing past the cells
43
What is an anchoring junction
Connection between two adjacent animal cells that anchors intermediate filaments in a single spot on the cell membrane
44
What is a gap junction
Connection between two adjacent animal cells that allows cytoplasm to flow between them
45
What is plasmodesma
Connection that allows cytoplasm to flow between adjacent plant cells
46
List the structure of a plant cell
Nucleus, ribosome, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, central vacuole, peroxisome, chloroplast, mitochondrion, cytoskeleton, and cell wall
47
List the structure of an animal cell
Nucleus, ribosome, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, peroxisome, mitochondrion, and cytoskeleton
48
What do plant cells have that animal cells don't
Cell wall, cholorplast, and central vacuole
49
What do animal cells have that plant cells don't
Lysosome

Biology (10 decks)

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