Chapter 7

Question 1

In the “central dogma”, information flows from DNA to RNA to

Answer 1

proteins

Question 2

In his experiements with S. pneumoniae bacteria and mice, Frederich Griffith found that

Answer 2

Something in heat-killed S bacteria could transform type R bacteria

Question 3

Codons are composed of ____ mRNA bases

Answer 3

three

Question 4

Codons are corresponded to one ____

Answer 4

amino acid

Question 5

What is the process of DNA being copied to RNA

Answer 5

transcription

Question 6

What is the process of info in RNA to direct synthesis of a protein called

Answer 6

translation

Question 7

The promoter is a sequence on the _______ that signals the start of a gene

Answer 7

template strand of DNA

Question 8

In eukaryotes, a part of an mRNA molecule that is removed before translation is called an

Answer 8

intron

Question 9

Hershery and Chase showed that the part of a virus that could enter bacterial cells and cause the production of more viruses was

Answer 9

DNA

Question 10

NItrogen-containing base, sugar, and phosphorus-containing groups

Answer 10

are the components of nucleotides

Question 11

Information encoded in a DNA base sequence is transcribed to produce a molecule of

Answer 11

mRNA

Question 12

Processed and translated to produce the sequence of ____ acids in a protein

Answer 12

amino

Question 13

The promoter is a sequence of DNA that

Answer 13

signals the start of a gene and is the site where RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription

Question 14

What organisms have introns in their primary mRNA transcripts

Answer 14

eukaryotes, archaea, and animals

Question 15

____ was found inside the infected bacteria

Answer 15

radioactive sulfur

Question 16

the labeled viral ____had entered the bacterial cells to direct new virus production

Answer 16

DNA

Question 17

DNA always contains the same sugar in its nucleotides? True or False

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Nucleotides are composed of what

Answer 18

sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and one or more phosphorus-containing groups

Question 19

An____ is a portion of RNA that averages about 1,000 nucleotides long and that is removed before translation

Answer 19

intron

Question 20

On a tRNA molecule, the ______ is a three-base sequence that is complimentary to and binds to an mRNA codon during translation

Answer 20

anticodon

Question 21

radioactively-labeled sulfur was found in the _____ within one test tube

Answer 21

fluid

Question 22

While radioactively-labeled phosphorous was found in the ____ within the other test tube

Answer 22

bacterial cells

Question 23

indicating that ____ was the genetic material

Answer 23

DNA

Question 24

The ribosome exposes codons on the ____ one at a time

Answer 24

mRNA

Question 25

Each codon determines what ___ tRNA will bring its attached amino acid to the ribosome to be added to the polypeptide chain

Answer 25

tRNA

Question 26

Enzymes and chaperone proteins assist in ______ that takes place after translation is complete

Answer 26

polypeptide folding

Question 27

Regulating gene ecpression allows cells to produce ___

Answer 27

certain proteins only when they are needed

Question 28

The ___ describes the correspondence of three-nucleotide condons to specific amino acids or directions for strarting and stopping transition

Answer 28

genetic code

Question 29

As described by Jacob and Monod, what E. coli genes and regulatory sequences are only produced when the bacteria need to break down lactose in the immediate environment

Answer 29

iac operon

Question 30

What 3-base site of a tRNA molecule is complimentary to an mRNA codon

Answer 30

anticodon

Question 31

Modifications to DNA, such as mehtylation, that do not change the nucleotide sequence but do affect gene expression are called_____modification

Answer 31

epigenetic

Question 32

What are the reasons a cell regulates gene expression

Answer 32

to respond to changing conditions, to have a specialized function

Question 33

The lac operon in E. coli bacteria includes three genes that produce....

Answer 33

lactose-degrading proteins

Question 34

A ___ mutation is caused by the replacement of one nucleotide with another

Answer 34

subsitution

Question 35

Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression due to

Answer 35

chemical modification of histones or DNA bases

Question 36

Mutations can lead to genetic variability because they create new ___, or variants of genes

Answer 36

alleles

Question 37

A ___ mutation is one that occurs in the cells that give rise to sperm or egg

Answer 37

germline

Question 38

A varient of a gene is referred to as a

Answer 38

allele