Chapter 1

Question 1

Mary Whiton Calking

Answer 1

First female psychologists

Question 2

Charles Darwin

Answer 2

Natural Selection

Question 3

Rene Descartes

Answer 3

dualism-body and mind work together

Question 4

G. Stanley Hall

Answer 4

First psychology in the U.S.

Question 5

William James

Answer 5

Stream of consciousness. first psychology textbook

Question 6

John Locke

Answer 6

Born with blank slate

Question 7

Francis Cecil Sumner

Answer 7

First African american psychologist

Question 8

Edward Titchener

Answer 8

Structuralism

Question 9

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 9

First woman to receive a Ph. D.

Question 10

Sigmund Freuid

Answer 10

Unconscious, psycho analytical

Question 11

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 11

Classical conditioning, behaviorism

Question 12

Carl Rogers

Answer 12

Human behavior is governed primarily by individuals sense of self, humanism

Question 13

B. F. Skinner

Answer 13

Operant conditioning with rates and pigeon, behaviorism

Question 14

Max Wertheimer

Answer 14

Phi Phenomenom

Question 15

John Watson

Answer 15

Founded behaviorism

Question 16

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 16

first psychology school

Question 17

Behavioral psychology

Answer 17

any physical action acting, thinking, feeling. Response to stimulus cues.

Question 18

Biological psychology

Answer 18

We are biological systems respond to hereditary and environmental influences, behavior due to genes.

Question 19

clinical psychologists

Answer 19

are concerned with the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of individuals with psychology psychological disorders.

Question 20

Cognitive psychology

Answer 20

an approach to psychology that emphasizes internal mental process

Question 21

Counseling psychologists

Answer 21

usually work with a somewhat
different clientele, providing
assistance to people struggling
with everyday problems of
moderate severity. Thus, they
often specialize in family,
marital, or career counseling.

Question 22

Developmental psychology

Answer 22

social and mental development of children

Question 23

empiricism

Answer 23

the premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation

Question 24

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 24

traits such as memory, perception, or language as adaptations determined by natural selection

Question 25

Functionalism

Answer 25

``` based on the belief that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness, rather than its structure. ```

Question 26

Humanistic psychology

Answer 26

Human ability, growth, and potential. People have free will to make choices.

Question 27

intospection

Answer 27

The careful, systematic self-observation of one's own conscious experience

Question 28

Natural Selection

Answer 28

``` heritable characteristics that provide a survival or reproductive advantage are more likely than alternative characteristics to be passed on to subsequent generations and thus come to be “selected” over time. ```

Question 29

nature vs. nurture

Answer 29

``` whether behavior is determined mainly by genetic inheritance (“nature”) or by environment and experience (“nurture” ```

Question 30

origin of species

Answer 30

how and why evolutionary changed unfold over time

Question 31

psychiatry

Answer 31

a branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders

Question 32

psychiatrists

Answer 32

analyzing and treating psychological disorders

Question 33

psychology

Answer 33

``` the science that studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie it, and it is the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems ```

Question 34

Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic

Answer 34

``` personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior. ```

Question 35

scientific method

Answer 35

``` consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses. ```

Question 36

Socio-cultural psychology

Answer 36

personality, attitudes, motivation, and behavior are influenced by social groups.

Question 37

Structuralism

Answer 37

``` that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related ```