Chapter 16

Question 1

agression

Answer 1

hostile or violent behavior or attitudes toward another; readiness to attack or confront

Question 2

altruism

Answer 2

the belief in or practice of disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others.

Question 3

Asch effect

Answer 3

Social conformity

Question 4

attitude

Answer 4

positive or negative evaluations of objects of thought

Question 5

attribution

Answer 5

influences that people draw about the causes of events, others’ behavior, and their own behavior.

Question 6

bystander effect

Answer 6

people are less likely to provide needed help when they are in groups than when they are alone.

Question 7

chamelon effect

Answer 7

One changes to fit in with the group

Question 8

cognitive dissonance

Answer 8

exists when related cognition are inconsistent-that is, when they contradict each other.

Question 9

collectiveism

Answer 9

involves putting group goals ahead of personal goals and defining one’s identity in terms of the groups one belongs to.

Question 10

conformity

Answer 10

occurs when people yield to real or imagined social pressure.

Question 11

deindividuation

Answer 11

One gives up their identity to fit in with a group.

Question 12

defensive attribution

Answer 12

a tendency to blame victims for their misfortune, so that one feels less likely to be victimized in a similar way

Question 13

diffusion of responsibility

Answer 13

sociopsychological phenomenon whereby a person is less likely to take responsibility for action or inaction when others are present.

Question 14

disposition attribution (internal)

Answer 14

ascribes the causes of behavior to personal disposition, traits, abilities, and feelings.

Question 15

fundamental attribution error

Answer 15

refers to observers bias in favor of internal attributions in explaining others behavior.

Question 16

gender roles

Answer 16

are the social and behavioral norms that are generally considered appropriate for either a man or a woman in a social or interpersonal relationship

Question 17

group polarization

Answer 17

occurs when group discussion strengthens a groups dominant point of view and produces a shift toward a more extreme decision in that direction

Question 18

groupthink

Answer 18

occurs when members of a cohesive group emphasize concurrence at the expense of critical thinking in arriving at a decision.

Question 19

individual heroic defense

Answer 19

Someone breaks away from group

Question 20

mindguard

Answer 20

is a member of a group who serves as an informational filter, providing limited information to the group and, consciously or subconsciously, utilizing a variety of strategies to control dissent and to direct the decision-making process toward a specific, limited range of possibilities

Question 21

norms

Answer 21

the rules that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others.

Question 22

obediance

Answer 22

a form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands, usually from someone in a position of authority.

Question 23

pluralistic ignorance

Answer 23

a situation where a majority of group members privately reject a norm, but assume incorrectly that most others accept it, also described as ‘no one believes, but everyone thinks that everyone believes.”

Question 24

prejudice

Answer 24

negative attitude held toward members of a group

Question 25

presocial behavior

Answer 25

“voluntary behavior intended to benefit another”, is a social behavior that “benefit[s] other people or society as a whole,”

Question 26

self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 26

prediction that comes true because of the prediction

Question 27

self-serving bias

Answer 27

the tendency to attribute one’s successes to personal factors and one’s failures to situation factors.

Question 28

situational attribution (external)

Answer 28

acribe the causes of behavior to situational demands and enviormental contraints

Question 29

social cognitive

Answer 29

refers to how we process, store, and use information about other people

Question 30

social facilitation

Answer 30

the tendency for people to do better on simple tasks when in the presence of other people.

Question 31

social loafing

Answer 31

a reduction in effort by individuals when they work in groups as compared to when they work by themselves.

Question 32

social norms

Answer 32

are the behaviors and cues within a society or group

Question 33

social psychology

Answer 33

branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others.

Question 34

social schema

Answer 34

are organized clusters of ideas about categories of social events and people.

Question 35

stereotype

Answer 35

widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group

Question 36

triangular theory of love

Answer 36

developed by psychologist Robert Sternberg. In the context of interpersonal relationships, “the three components of love, according to the triangular theory, are an intimacy component, a passion component, and a decision/commitment component.”