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AP Psychology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Neuron

A

cells that specialize in receiving, integrating, and transmitting information. 98% of neurons are in brain.

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2
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

register or input information to the brain

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3
Q

Motor Neurons

A

receive information from brain, control muscles, organs, and endocrine system.

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4
Q

Interneurons

A

connect sensory and motor neurons to the brain.

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5
Q

Synaptic Cleft

A

the microscopic gap between the terminal button and opposing membrane

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6
Q

Presynaptic Membrane

A

transmits the message

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7
Q

Synaptic Vessicles

A

Small sacks filled with neurotransmitters.

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8
Q

Lock and Key

A

only certain neurotransmitters fit in certain receptor site.

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9
Q

Action Potential

A

the likely hood that a signal will continue onward.

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10
Q

Post-synaptic Membrane

A

Membrane of the opposing neuron.

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11
Q

Graded Potential

A

(Post-synaptic) the likely hood that the signal will carry on. (actual voltage change)

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12
Q

Excitatory PSP

A

Positive voltage change- the signal continues

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13
Q

Inhibitory PSP

A

continuation of a negative voltage charge- signal stops

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14
Q

Reuptake

A

When neurotransmitters return to vesicles

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15
Q

Enzymatic degradation

A

breaks down unused or unwanted neurotransmitters

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16
Q

Synaptic Pruning

A

Your body creates more synapses and neurons than it actually needs, so it gradually eliminates unused axons.

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17
Q

Plasticity

A

Our nervous systems ability to re-wire ourselves

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18
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CNS)

A

provides nourishment for neurons and help cushioning.

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19
Q

Meninges (CNS)

A

3 protective membranes the surround the brain, “brain sack”

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20
Q

Brain (CNS)

A

controls bodily functions, makes complex decisions, and initiates behaviors. Required for all voluntary movements.

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21
Q

Ventricle (CNS)

A

Small pockets in the brain that are filled with cerebro spinal cord fluid.

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22
Q

Spinal Cord

A

A large bundle of inter neurons

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23
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

all nerves outside the CNS.

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24
Q

Nerve (PNS)

A

bundle of inter neurons, used in voluntary muscle movement.

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25
Somatic Nervous System
Any type of movement
26
Afferent Nerve Fibers (SNS)
send messages from sensory neurons to brain.
27
Efferent Nerve Fibers (SNS)
From the brain to motor neurons
28
Autonomic Nervous System
prepares you for fight of flight response
29
Sympathetic Division (ANS)
what gets you pumped up. Stress full or emergency situations.
30
Parasympathetic Division (ANS)
makes you relax
31
Thalamus
Forebrain. Directly in center, relays messages from brain stem to the cortex, helps process sensory information
32
Neural Projections
Path of neurons that run from one part of the brain to another
33
Limbic System
Fore Brain emotion and motivation center of brain and memory
34
Hypothalamus
Fore Brain acts as your blood analysis center. Checks glucose, blood fluid levels, regulates body temperature.
35
Hippocampus
Forebrain-learning and memory formation
36
Anterograde Amnesia
inability to form new memories
37
Amygdala
Forebrain linked to strong emotion and fear
38
Basal ganglia
regulates muscle coordination
39
Cerebral Cortex
higher order thinking occurs here.
40
Ras
MIDBRAIN ricticular activating system, controls our consciousness
41
Feedback Loop
RAZ-THALAMUS-CORTEX-RAZ. This circular motion.
42
Biting the Bullet
RAZ- when the raz cuts off signals so you remain calm.
43
Stage Freight
RAZ- The raz amplifies the signal.
44
Cerebellum
HINDBRAIN- controls fine motor movement, all of voluntary muscle movements, also helps discriminate sounds, enables us to judge time.
45
Medulla
HINDBRAIN- contols cardio vascular system
46
Pons
HINDBRAIN- helps us dream, helps regulate sleep and facial expressions
47
Electroenecephalograph (EEG)
a device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp.
48
Lesioning
Involves destroying a piece of the brain
49
Electronic Stimulation of the Brain (ESB)
involves sending a weak electric current into a brain structure to stimulate it
50
Transcrancial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
a new technique that permits scientists to temporarily enhance or depress acuity in a specific area of the brain.
51
Corpus Callosum
A dense band of nerve fibers that connect the left and right hemisphere.
52
Left Hemisphere
Primarily deals with speech and language.
53
Right Hemisphere
Spatial information, visual processing
54
Aphasia
inability to speak
55
Frontal Lobe
Deals with all thinking/decision making
56
Motor Cortex
Controls voluntary muscle movements
57
Parietal Lobe
Deals with sensory integration. Receives and processes sound/touch/etc
58
Somatosensory Cortex
Registers pressure, temperature, and pain, helps us locate the source of stimulation
59
Temporal Lobe
Behind ears, helps process sounds, smell, and long term memory.
60
Auditory cortex
hearing
61
Occipital Lobe
deals with vision
62
Visual Cortex
processes visuals
63
Soma/cell body
contains the cell nucleus and much of the chemical machinery common to most cells
64
Dendrites
the parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information
65
Axon
is a long, thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons or to muscles or glands
66
Myelin Sheath
the insulating material that encases some axons
67
Terminal buttons
small knobs that secrete chemicals called neurotransmitters
68
Synapse
a junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to another
69
Glia Cells
are cells found throughout the nervous system that provide various types of support for neurons.
70
Resting Potential
its stable, negative charge when the cell is inactive.
71
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Released by motor neurons controlling skeletal muscles.
72
Endorphins
internally produced chemicals that resemble opiates in structure and effect.
73
Pituitary Gland
releases variety of hormones that fan out around the body, stimulating actions in the other endocrine glands.
74
Genotype
refers to a persons genetic makeup
75
Phenotype
refers to the ways in which a persons genotype is manifested in observable characteristics

AP Psychology (14 decks)

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