Chapter 4

Question 1

Absolute Threshold

Answer 1

The minimum stimulus intensity that can an organism can detect.

Question 2

Acuity

Answer 2

Sharpness of thought, vision, hearing.

Question 3

Auditory Cortex

Answer 3

Region of the brain that is responsible for the processing of sound.

Question 4

Auditory Nerve

Answer 4

Transmits auditory information into the brain.

Question 5

Basilar Membrane

Answer 5

runs length of spiraled cochlea, holds auditory receptors

Question 6

Binocular Depth Cue

Answer 6

Clues about distance based on differing views from both eyes

Question 7

Blind Spot

Answer 7

the point of entry of the optic nerve, insensitive to light.

Question 8

Bottom-up Processing

Answer 8

Progression from individual elements to whole

Question 9

Closure

Answer 9

Tendency to perceive incomplete objects as complete.

Question 10

Cochlea

Answer 10

A fluid-filled, coiled tunnel that contains receptors for hearing

Question 11

Color Blindness

Answer 11

encompasses a variety of deficiencies in inability to distinguish among color

Question 12

Cones

Answer 12

Specialized receptors that play a key role in daylight and color vision.

Question 13

Contrast

Answer 13

Heightened variation between two stimulus.

Question 14

Convergence

Answer 14

Involves sensing the eyes converging toward each other as the focus closer on objects.

Question 15

Cornea

Answer 15

Transparent layer forming front of eye.

Question 16

Dark Adaptation

Answer 16

The adjustment of the eyes to low light intensities.

Question 17

Depth Perception

Answer 17

The ability to perceive the relative distance of objects.

Question 18

Difference Threshold

Answer 18

The smallest amount in which two sensory stimuli can differ in order for them to be perceived different.

Question 19

Fovea

Answer 19

A tiny spot in the center of the retina that contains only cones. Visual Acuity is greatest.

Question 20

Frequency (audition)

Answer 20

The rate at which a vibration occurs that constitutes a wave.

Question 21

Ganglion Cells

Answer 21

A layer of the retina, transmits signals to optic nerves.

Question 22

Gate Control Theory

Answer 22

Incoming pain sensation must pass through a “gate” in the spinal cord.

Question 23

Gestalt Principles of Organization

Answer 23

identifies factors leading to the particular form of perceptual organization.

Question 24

Habituation

Answer 24

The diminishing of a response due to frequently repeated stimulus.

Question 25

Hue

Answer 25

Attribute of color which is dependent on it's dominant wavelength

Question 26

Interposition

Answer 26

monocular cue in which one object partially covers the other.

Question 27

Iris

Answer 27

Flat, colored, ring shaped membrane behind cornea.

Question 28

Just Noticeable Difference

Answer 28

The smallest difference in the stimulus intensity that a specific sense can detect.

Question 29

Kinesthesia System

Answer 29

Monitors the position of various body parts.

Question 30

lens

Answer 30

The transparent eye structure that focuses the light rays.

Question 31

Linear Perspective

Answer 31

Relative size, shape, and position of objects are determined by drawn or imagined lines.

Question 32

Monocular cues

Answer 32

Clues about distance based on the image in either eye alone.

Question 33

Oflaction

Answer 33

The sense of smell

Question 34

Opponent Process Theory

Answer 34

Holds color perception depends on receptors that make antagonistic responses to 3 pairs of colors.

Question 35

Optic Nerve

Answer 35

Transmits impulses from brain to retina

Question 36

Perception

Answer 36

The selection, organization, and interpretation of sensory input.

Question 37

perceptual Constancy

Answer 37

A tendency to experiment a stable perception in the face of continually changing sensory input

Question 38

Place Theory

Answer 38

Perception pitch corresponds to vibration of different portions or places along basilar membrane.

Question 39

pitch

Answer 39

The property of sound that varies with variation in the frequency of vibration.

Question 40

Pupil

Answer 40

The opening in the center of the iris that permits the light to pass into the rear chamber of the eye.

Question 41

Retinal Disparity

Answer 41

Objects within 25 feet project images to slightly different location on left and right retina, so each eye sees a slightly different view.

Question 42

Rods

Answer 42

Specialized visual receptors that play a key role in night time vision and peripheral vision.

Question 43

Saturation

Answer 43

Intensity of Color

Question 44

Sensation

Answer 44

The stimulation of sense organs.

Question 45

Sensory adaptation

Answer 45

A gradual decline in sensitivity to prolonged stimlulation.

Question 46

Signal Detection Theory

Answer 46

proposes that the detection of a stimuli involves decision as well as sensory processes with are both influenced by a variety of factors.

Question 47

Stroboscopic movement

Answer 47

Disembodied perception of motion is produced by still images.

Question 48

Taste Buds

Answer 48

On the tongue, lining the mouth, provide taste.

Question 49

Top-Down Processing

Answer 49

Progression from the whole to elements

Question 50

Transduction

Answer 50

converstion of a stimulus from one form to another

Question 51

Trichromatic Theory

Answer 51

Holds that the human eye has 3 types of receptors with differing sensitivities to light wave lengths.

Question 52

Tympanic Membrane

Answer 52

A membrane that vibrates in response to sound waves.

Question 53

Vestibular System

Answer 53

Responds to gravity, keeps you informed of your bodies location in space.

Question 54

Visual cortex

Answer 54

Recieves and processes sensory nerve impulses from eye.

Question 55

Weber's Law

Answer 55

States that the size of a JND is a constant proportion of the size of the initial stimulus.