Chapter 1 Flashcards
exam 1
what was the belief behind miasmatic odors
our ancestors believed that diseases/illness came from this odors in the air and created anoxa zones (die zones) w low O2 availability
what is fermentation
sugar (carb) conversion to CO2 via amino acids
ex. yeast
what are the six rules of a to be considered a living organism
- metabolism
- reproduction
- communication
- movement
- evolution
- differentiation
what is the name for yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
early notions of disease
knew invisible things transmitted disease
quarantine sick individuals
built sewage/clean aqueducts
what microorganism can be seen w the naked eye
parasites
still considered microorganisms bc their larvae are microscopic
Binomial nomenclature
2 word naming system to classify microroganims
both names are italicized
Who coined Germ Theory of disease
Louis Pasteur
Germ theory of disease
many diseases are caused by the presence and activity of specific microorganisms, like bacteria, viruses, and fungi, within the body
Carolus Linnaeus
coined the system for classification of organisms
phylogenetic tree - closer on the tree the more evolutionary similar
began with plants and animals
Ernst Haeckel
Added two more kingdoms to the tree
Monera and Protists
Rober Whittaker
added a 5th kingdom fungi
Carl Woese
made the three major classifications
bacteria
eukarya
Archaea
EUKARYA AND ARCHAEA MORE CLOSELY RELATED
genus name
1st letter must be capitalized
its the first name in the binomial nomenclature
species name
2nd name is not capitalized
considered “last name” where you came from
Prokaryotes
lack a nuclear membrane
bacteria and archaea
genetic material just floating around
Eukaryotes
membrane bound organelles
contain a nuclear membrane
fungi, protozoa, and algae
bacteria
Prokaryotes
Cell wall made of peptidoglycan
unicellular
all energy sources/ carbon sources
who helped the creation of antiseptic surgery
Joseph Lister
Robert Koch
discovers that intense heat destroys bacteria
who is the gram stained name after
Hans Christian Gram
archae
prokaryote
if cell wall present lacks peptidoglycan
live in extreme environments
what are the 3 types of Archaea
Methanogens: Methane as a carbon source
Extreme halophiles: deal with high salt concentration
Extreme thermophiles : deal with extreme temperatures
algae
Cell wall made of cellulose
eukaryotes
can be unicellular or multicellular
photoautotrophs
