chapter 8

Question 1

metabolism

Answer 1

all chemical reactions that occur within a cell

Question 2

2 parts of metabolsim

Answer 2

catabolism
anabolism

Question 3

catabolism

Answer 3

breaking down of larger molecules into smaller molecules
release energy
EXERGONIC

Question 4

anabolism

Answer 4

building up smaller molecules into larger molecules
requires energy
ENDERGONIC

Question 5

exergonic reaction

Answer 5

release of energy during a reaction

Question 6

endergonic reaction

Answer 6

requires energy during a reaction

Question 7

oxidation

Answer 7

donor will lose electrons leaving them oxidized
increase negative charge

Question 8

reduction

Answer 8

acceptor will gain electrons
make it more positive charge

Question 9

redox reactions

Answer 9

oxidation and reduction occur in tandem

Question 10

most common energy carries

Answer 10

NADH
FADH2

Question 11

mobile electron carriers

Answer 11

molecules that bind to and shuttle high energy electrons between compounds in pathways

Question 12

what vitamin groups are usual electron carriers

Answer 12

vitamin b groups

Question 13

NADH

Answer 13

reduction
gaining electrons

Question 14

NAD+

Answer 14

oxidation
loss of electrons

Question 15

FAD

Answer 15

lose electrons
oxidation

Question 16

FADH2

Answer 16

gain electrons reduced

Question 17

phosphorylation

Answer 17

is the process of adding a phosphate group

Question 18

is phosphorylation endergonic or exergonic

Answer 18

endergonic reaction : require energy

Question 19

dephosphorylation

Answer 19

removal of a phosphate group

Question 20

is dephosphorylation endergonic or exergonic

Answer 20

exergonic reaction : release energy

Question 21

are phosphate groups positively or negatively charged

Answer 21

negatively charged

Question 22

what kind of bond is between phosphate groups

Answer 22

high energy bond
highly unstable bc like charges repel

Question 23

name for smaller molecule from catabolic reactions

Answer 23

catabolites

Question 24

main difference between cofactor and coenzyme

Answer 24

conenzyme : organic molecules
cofactor : inorganic molecules

Question 25

phototrophy

Answer 25

receive electron energy from sunlight

Question 26

chemotrophy

Answer 26

receive electron energy from chemicals

Question 27

organotrophy, aerobic (heterotroph)

Answer 27

organic molecules donates electrons to O2

Question 28

organotrophy, anaerobic

Answer 28

organic molecules donate electrons to themselves or other molecule that isnt O2

Question 29

lithotrophy, aerobic (autotroph)

Answer 29

inorganic molecules donate electrons to O2

Question 30

lithotrophy anaerobic

Answer 30

inorganic molecules donate electrons to themself or to other molecule that isnt O2

Question 31

enzymes

Answer 31

lower activation energy of a chemical reaction

Question 32

Glycolysis yield what

Answer 32

break down of single glucose molecule 2 ATP 2 NADH 2 pyruvate

Question 33

energy investment phase

Answer 33

2 ATP hydrolyzed for phosphorylation of glucose, becomes glucose 6-p

Question 34

glycolysis

Answer 34

glucose glucose- 6 phosphate fructose 6 phosphate fructose 1,6 biphosphate glyceraldehyde 3 phospate

Question 35

energy payoff phase

Answer 35

2 glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate lose electrons to NAD+ which will become NADH

Question 36

krebs cycle

Answer 36

2 pyruvate are dexcarboxilized by pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme to form acetyl which is then reacted w coenzyme a to form acetyl CoA

Question 37

how many ATP at the end of kreb

Answer 37

2 ATP

Question 38

how many ATP at the end of ETC

Answer 38

34 ATP 10 NADH x 3 = 30 ATP 2 FADH x 2 = 4 ATP 1 nadh = 3 atp 1 fadh = 2 atp