chapter 4 prokaryotic diversity

Question 1

normal microbiota

Answer 1

collection of bacteria, archaea and eukaryotic microbes colonizing our bodies

Question 2

pathogens

Answer 2

microbes that invade our bodies and are harmful (viruses)

Question 3

two main types of microbiota

Answer 3

permanent: forever on the body
transient: temporarily on the body

Question 4

microbe free areas of the body

Answer 4

blood
brain
muscles

Question 5

symbiotic relationships

Answer 5

relationships between microbes and their corresponding host

Question 6

mutualism

Answer 6

both populations benefit

Question 7

amensalism

Answer 7

one organism harmed the other is unaffected

Question 8

commensalism

Answer 8

one organism is benefitted the other is unaffected

Question 9

neutralism

Answer 9

both organisms are unaffeceted

Question 10

parasitism

Answer 10

one organism is benefitted the other is harmed

Question 11

archea phylums

Answer 11

Crenarchaeota
Euryarchaeota

Question 12

Phylum Crenarchaeota

Answer 12

aquatic in nature
hyperthermophiles
genus sulfolobus: aerobic or anaerobic environments
genus thermoproteus: strictly anaerobic

Question 13

Phylum Euryarchaeota

Answer 13

classes methanobacteria, methanococci, methanomicrobia
called methanogens: release methane CH4
classes: halobacteria- salt

Question 14

proteobacteria

Answer 14

a subgroup of gram-negative bacteria

Question 15

classes of proteobacteria

Answer 15

alphaproteobacteria
betaproteobacteria
gammaproteobacteria
deltaproteobacteria
epsilonbacteria

Question 16

alphaproteopbacteria

Answer 16

oligotrophs
growth at very low nutrient levels

Question 17

betaproteobacteria

Answer 17

use nutrients released during anaerobic decomposition (breakdown of organic matter without oxygen)
can undergo a variety of metabolic pathways
gonorrhea, meningitis

Question 18

gammaproteobacteria

Answer 18

largest subgroup of proteobacteria and include a variety of physiological types

Question 19

deltaproteobacteria

Answer 19

include bacteria that are predators of other bacteria and bacteria important contributors to the sulfur cycle

Question 20

epsilonbacteria

Answer 20

slender gram negative rods that are helical or curved

Question 21

GPB pasteurellales (order)

Answer 21

Pasteurella (genus): nonmotile pleomorphic (animal pathogens)
Haemophilus (genus): nonmotile pleomorphic (mucus membranes of humans)

Question 22

GPB Pseudomonadales (order)

Answer 22

pseudomonas (genus): metabolically diverse, polar flagella, single or tuffs, aerobic
Moraxella (genus): coccobacilus, aerobic
Acinetobacter (genus): occurs in pairs, motile, aerobic

Question 23

GPB Enterobacteriales (order)

Answer 23

Facultative anaerobic gram-rods and when motile have peritrichous flagella

Question 24

genus found in the Enterobacteriaceae family

Answer 24

escherichia
salmonella
shigella
klebsiella
enterobacter
citrobacter
proteus
erwinia

Question 25

epsilonbacteria genuses

Answer 25

campylobacter (genus): one polar flagellum, causes gastroenteritis Helicobacter: multiple flagella, causes peptic ulcers

Question 26

nonproteobacteria

Answer 26

purple sulfur bacteria green sulfur bacteria purple nonsulfur bacteria green nonsulfur bacteria

Question 27

purple sulfur bacteria

Answer 27

oxidize hydrogen sulfide into elemental sulfur and sulfuric acid

Question 28

green sulfur bacteria

Answer 28

Use sulfide for oxidation and produce large amount of green bacteriochlorophyll

Question 29

firmicutes

Answer 29

phylum of gram-positive low guanine and cytosine content

Question 30

Clostridiales

Answer 30

order of firmicutes that produce endospores

Question 31

genus of clostridiales

Answer 31

Clostridium: obligate anaerobes, rod shape, contain endospores Epulopiscium: largest known bacteria

Question 32

bacillales

Answer 32

order of firmicutes

Question 33

genus of bacillales

Answer 33

bacillus: rod-shape, endospores staphylococcus: coccus shape, low moisture enviornments listeria: rod shape, fatality rate of 20% all are facultative anaerobes

Question 34

lactobacillales

Answer 34

order of firmicutes that dont produce endospores

Question 35

genus of lactobacillales

Answer 35

streptococcus enterococcus both are coccus shaped facultative anaerobes

Question 36

Actinobacteria

Answer 36

gram-positive bacteria that are high G+C

Question 37

genus of actinobacteria

Answer 37

mycobacterium corynebacterium cutibacterium gardnerella streptomyces actinomyces