Chapter 1

Question 1

cell

Answer 1

organized chemical system that includes many specialized molecules surrounded by a membrane

Question 2

emergent properties

Answer 2

characteristics that depend on the level of organization of matter but no dot exist at lower levels of organization

Question 3

unicellular organisms

Answer 3

single cells such as bacteria and protozoans

Question 4

multicellular organisms

Answer 4

plants and animals (cells live in tightly coordinated groups and are interdependent)

Question 5

population

Answer 5

group of organisms of the same kind that live together

Question 6

community

Answer 6

all populations of different organisms that live in the same place

Question 7

ecosystem

Answer 7

includes the community and the nonliving environmental factors with which it interacts

Question 8

biosphere

Answer 8

encompasses all the ecosystems of the Earth’s waters, crust and atmosphere

Question 9

deoxyribonucleic acid

Answer 9

most fundamental and important molecule that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving matter

Question 10

ribonucleic acid

Answer 10

directs the synthesis of different protein molecules

Question 11

proteins

Answer 11

carry out most of the activities of life, including the synthesis of all other biological molecules

Question 12

metabolism

Answer 12

ability of a cell or organism to extract energy from its surrounding and use that energy to maintain itself, grow and reproduce

Question 13

photosynthesis

Answer 13

when plants take electromagnetic energy in sunlight absorbed and convert it into chemical energy

Question 14

cellular respiration

Answer 14

complex biological molecules are broken down with oxygen, releasing some of their energy content for cellular activities

Question 15

primary producers

Answer 15

photosynthetic organisms

Question 16

consumers

Answer 16

organisms that feed on the complex molecules manufactured by plants

Question 17

decomposers

Answer 17

feed on dead organisms, breaking down complex biological molecules into simpler raw materials which may be recycled by producers

Question 18

homeostasis

Answer 18

steady internal condition maintained by responses that compensate for changes in the external environment

Question 19

reproduction

Answer 19

parents creating offspring

Question 20

inheritance

Answer 20

passing DNA from one generation to the next

Question 21

development

Answer 21

series of programmed changes encoded in DNA through which eggs develop into an adult that can reproduce

Question 22

life cycle

Answer 22

stages in which individuals grow, maintain themselves, and reproduce

Question 23

biological evolution

Answer 23

populations changing from generation to generation by passing genes that better fit environment

Question 24

artificial selection

Answer 24

humans purposely breeding organisms for certain traits

Question 25

natural selection

Answer 25

same as above but in nature

Question 26

genes

Answer 26

functional units of DNA

Question 27

scientific name

Answer 27

first part is genus, second part is genus

Question 28

family

Answer 28

related genes

Question 29

order

Answer 29

related families

Question 30

class

Answer 30

related orders

Question 31

phylum

Answer 31

related classes

Question 32

kingdom

Answer 32

related phyla

Question 33

domain

Answer 33

most exclusive group

Question 34

phylogenetic trees

Answer 34

illustrations of evolution pathways

Question 35

prokaryotes

Answer 35

bacteria and archaea(dna is not separated from rest of cell)

Question 36

eukaryotes

Answer 36

all other organisms(dna is separate from cell structures)

Question 37

organelles

Answer 37

specialized internal compartments of eukaryotic cells

Question 38

protists

Answer 38

group of diverse single-celled and multi-cellular eukaryotic species, do not share common ancestry

Question 39

kingdom platae

Answer 39

multicellular organisms that carry out photosynthesis

Question 40

kingdom fungi

Answer 40

highly varied group of unicellular and multicellular species that mostly live as decomposers, no phootsynthesis

Question 41

kingdom animalia

Answer 41

multicellular organisms that are consumers and can actively move from one place to another in one life cycle

Question 42

biological research

Answer 42

effort to understand the living world

Question 43

basic research

Answer 43

seeking explanations to satisfy curiosity and to advance collective knowledge

Question 44

applied research

Answer 44

solving particular problems

Question 45

scientific method

Answer 45

making observations, developing an explanation and then testing those explanations

Question 46

observational data

Answer 46

basic information on biological structures or processes

Question 47

experimental data

Answer 47

information obtained by manipulating system under study

Question 48

hypothesis

Answer 48

explanation

Question 49

null hypothesis

Answer 49

statement that would prove hypothesis false

Question 50

variables

Answer 50

environmental factors that differ among organisms and environments

Question 51

control

Answer 51

shows what happened if system not changed

Question 52

replicates

Answer 52

multiple subjects tested with same results

Question 53

model organisms

Answer 53

animals biologists work on because they have rapid development, short life cycles, and small adult size