Chapter 4

Question 1

metabolism

Answer 1

biomedical modification and use of organic molecules and energy to support activities of life

Question 2

kinetic energy

Answer 2

energy of motion

Question 3

potential energy

Answer 3

energy an object has because of its location or chemical structure

Question 4

1st law of thermo

Answer 4

energy cannot be created or destroyed

Question 5

2nd law of thermo

Answer 5

enthropy is always increasing

Question 6

spontaneous reactions

Answer 6

reactions that occur without putting in energy

Question 7

enthalpy

Answer 7

potential energy in a system

Question 8

exothermic

Answer 8

reaction that releases energy

Question 9

endothermic

Answer 9

reaction that absorbs heat

Question 10

free energy

Answer 10

portion of energy that is available to do work

Question 11

exergonic reaction

Answer 11

releases free energy

Question 12

endergonic reaction

Answer 12

requires free energy to work

Question 13

catabolic pathway

Answer 13

energy is released by breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones

Question 14

anabolic pathway

Answer 14

energy is used to create complicated molecules from smaller ones

Question 15

energy coupling

Answer 15

process where atp is hydrolyzed, the terminal phosphate group is transferred to the reactant molecule

Question 16

phosphorylation

Answer 16

addition of a phosphate group to a molecule

Question 17

atp/adp cycle

Answer 17

continual hydrolysis and resynthesis of atp

Question 18

activation energy

Answer 18

energy required to start a reaction

Question 19

catalysis

Answer 19

chemical agent that accelerates the rate of a reaction

Question 20

enzymes

Answer 20

most common biological catalysts

Question 21

substrate

Answer 21

reactant that the enzyme acts on

Question 22

enzyme specificity

Answer 22

an enzyme that can only work on a specific molecule

Question 23

active site

Answer 23

small region where enzyme interacts with substrate

Question 24

cofactor

Answer 24

nonprotein group that binds precisely to the enzyme for catalytic activity

Question 25

coenzymes

Answer 25

other cofactors often derived from enzymes

Question 26

saturated

Answer 26

when enzymes are cycling as fast as possible

Question 27

competitive inhibition

Answer 27

inhibitor binds to an active site

Question 28

noncompetitive inhibition

Answer 28

inhibitor binds to enzyme somewhere other than the active site

Question 29

allosteric regulation

Answer 29

enzyme activity controlled by reversible binding of a regulary molecule to an allosteric site

Question 30

allosteric site

Answer 30

location outside the active site

Question 31

allosteric activator

Answer 31

increases enzyme activity

Question 32

allosteric inhibitior

Answer 32

decreases enzyme activity

Question 33

feedback inhibition

Answer 33

when products of reaction act as regulators

Question 34

ribozymes

Answer 34

rna based catalysts