Chapter 1

Question 1

________ include bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microscopic algae, and viruses

Answer 1

Microorganisms

Question 2

“A living organism too small to be seen with the naked eye”

Answer 2

microorganism

Question 3

The _______ is a group of microbes that live stably on/in the human body

Answer 3

Microbiome

Question 4

The ______ helps to maintain good health

Answer 4

microbiome

Question 5

Can the microbiome prevent the growth of pathogenic microbes?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

The ______ may help train the immune system to classify threats

Answer 6

microbiome

Question 7

An adult is composed of 30 trillion ___ cells and harbors another 40 trillion ______ cells

Answer 7

body cells; bacterial cells

Question 8

List two reasons why it is important to know about the microbiome

Answer 8

1. Prevents diseases

2. helps to understand causes and transmission of disease to prevent epidemics

Question 9

There are three domains based on cellular organization. What are they?

Answer 9

Bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

Question 10

What are four subclassifications under eukarya?

Answer 10

Protists (protozoa and algae), fungi, plants, and animals (multicellular parasites)

Question 11

Each organism has two names, the ___ and the ____ _____ (species)

Answer 11

genus; specific epithet

Question 12

When handwriting an organism, what are the requirements?

Answer 12

Genus is capitalized, species is not. Both are underlined.

Question 13

Which is multicellular, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

Answer 13

Eukaryotes

Question 14

Which has DNA, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

Answer 14

Both

Question 15

Which has membrane bound organelles, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

Answer 15

Eukaryotes

Question 16

Which is unicellular, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

Answer 16

Both….although eukaryotes can be multicellular

Question 17

Which has ribosomes, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

Answer 17

Both

Question 18

Which has a single nucleus, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

Answer 18

Eukaryotes

Question 19

Which has a nucleoid, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

Answer 19

Prokaryotes

Question 20

Which has cell walls, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

Answer 20

both

Question 21

Which is larger, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

Answer 21

Eukaryotes

Question 22

Is bacteria eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Answer 22

Prokaryotic

Question 23

Prokaryotic means what?

Answer 23

“pre-nucleus”

Question 24

Bacteria is unicellular or multi?

Answer 24

unicellular

Question 25

How does bacteria divide?

Answer 25

via binary fission

Question 26

_______ derive nutrition from organic or inorganic chemicals or photosynthesis

Answer 26

Bacteria

Question 27

Bacteria can "swim" by....

Answer 27

By using moving appendages sometimes called flagella

Question 28

Bacteria has _______ cell walls

Answer 28

Peptidoglycan

Question 29

Archaea are prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 29

Prokaryotic

Question 30

______ lack peptidoglycan walls, and may lack cell walls entirely

Answer 30

Archaea

Question 31

_____ live in extreme environments

Answer 31

archaea

Question 32

Archaea include methanogens, halophiles, and thermophiles. What are halo and thermophiles?

Answer 32

Salt and heat lovers

Question 33

Are Archaea known to cause disease in humans?

Answer 33

No

Question 34

Are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 34

Eukaryotic

Question 35

Fungi has ____ cell walls

Answer 35

chitin

Question 36

____ absorb organic chemicals for energy

Answer 36

fungi

Question 37

Fungi, which are eukaryotes, are multicellular but can be unicellular. Which common fungus is unicellular?

Answer 37

Yeast

Question 38

_______ and mushrooms are fungi that are multicellular

Answer 38

mold

Question 39

_____ consist of masses of mycelia, which are composed of filaments called hyphae

Answer 39

Molds

Question 40

Protozoa are eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Answer 40

Eukaryotic

Question 41

______ absorb or ingest organic chemicals

Answer 41

Protozoa

Question 42

Protozoa can be mobile via what?

Answer 42

pseudopods, cilia, or flagella

Question 43

Are protozoa free living and parasitic?

Answer 43

Yes

Question 44

How do protozoa reproduce?

Answer 44

Both sexually and asexually

Question 45

______: derives nutrients from a living host

Answer 45

parasitic

Question 46

Algae are from the kingdom _____

Answer 46

protista

Question 47

Is algae Euk or Pro?

Answer 47

Eukaryotic

Question 48

Algae has ______ cell walls

Answer 48

cellulose

Question 49

Where is algae found?

Answer 49

In freshwater, saltwater, and soil

Question 50

_____ uses photosynthesis for energy.

Answer 50

Algae

Question 51

Does algae produce oxygen and carbohydrates

Answer 51

Yes

Question 52

For algae, is asexual the only way to reproduce?

Answer 52

No, both sexual and asexual reproduction is possible

Question 53

Viruses are cellular or acellular

Answer 53

acellular

Question 54

Viruses consist of a ____ or ____ core

Answer 54

DNA or RNA

Question 55

A viruses' core is surrounded by what?

Answer 55

A protein coat

Question 56

Viruses can only be replicated when.....

Answer 56

when they are inside a living host

Question 57

Who invented the microscope?

Answer 57

Robert Hooke

Question 58

What are animalcules?

Answer 58

Microbes

Question 59

What is spontaneous generation?

Answer 59

The hypothesis that life arises from nonliving matter; a "vital force" is necessary for life

Question 60

What is biogenesis?

Answer 60

The hypothesis that living cells arise only from preexisting living cells

Question 61

Who discovered fermentation and pasteurization?

Answer 61

Louis Pasteur

Question 62

_____ are responsible for fermentation

Answer 62

microbes

Question 63

_____ is the microbial conversion of sugar to alcohol in the absence of air

Answer 63

fermentation

Question 64

______ growth is also responsible for spoilage of food and beverages if what?

Answer 64

Microbial; if O2 is present, bacteria produce acid

Question 65

What is pasteurization?

Answer 65

The application of high heat for a short period of time to kill harmful bacteria in beverages

Question 66

Who brought about the Germ Theory of Disease, which is that many diseases are caused by microorganisms?

Answer 66

Joseph Lister

Question 67

Joseph Lister's work indicated what?

Answer 67

That organisms could be avoided to prevent disease

Question 68

Who formed the basis of aseptic techniques: procedures that prevent contamination by unwanted organisms

Answer 68

Joseph Lister

Question 69

What is chemotherapy?

Answer 69

Treatment of disease with chemicals

Question 70

What are antibiotics?

Answer 70

Chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or kill other microbes.

Question 71

Mycology is the study of ______

Answer 71

fungi

Question 72

What is parasitology?

Answer 72

Study of parasitic worms and protozoa

Question 73

What is immunology

Answer 73

Study of immunity

Question 74

What is virology?

Answer 74

Study of viruses

Question 75

What is molecular genetics?

Answer 75

Studies the mechanisms by which microbes inherit traits

Question 76

Bacteria convert carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus into forms used by ____ and ____

Answer 76

plants and animals

Question 77

Algae uses ____ to produce food

Answer 77

CO2

Question 78

Sewage is __% water

Answer 78

99

Question 79

Bacteria degrades organic matter that is in _____

Answer 79

sewage

Question 80

Bacteria degrade or detoxify pollutants such as ____ and ____

Answer 80

oil and mercury

Question 81

Bacteria degrade or detoxify pollutants such as ____ and ____

Answer 81

oil and mercury

Question 82

What is biotechnology?

Answer 82

The use of microbes for practical applications such as producing foods and chemicals

Question 83

What is recombinant DNA technology?

Answer 83

Enables bacteria and fungi to produce a variety of proteins, vaccines, and enzymes. ex: gene therapy

Question 84

What are biofilms?

Answer 84

Complex aggregation of microbes attached to each other and/or some usually solid surface

Question 85

What are some of the emerging infectious diseases?

Answer 85

Zika virus disease, influenza, antibiotic resistant infections such as MRSA, VISA, and VRSA, and Ebola