Chapter 15 Flashcards
The ability to cause disease is known as ______
Pathogenicity
The degree of pathogenicity is known as ________
virulence
______ adhere to host tissues
microbes
_______ damage host tissues
microbes
_____ are toxins or microbial waste products
microbes
What are the four portals of entry?
- Mucous membranes
- Skin
- Parenteral route
- Preferred portal of entry
How many portals of entry are portals via mucous membranes?
Four
What are the four sub-portals via mucous membrane?
- Respiratory tract
- Gastrointestinal tract
- genitourinary tract
- Conjuctiva
Conjuctiva is a mucous membrane portal of entry. What falls under conjuctiva? What are three infections of conjuctiva?
Eyelids and covers the whites of eyelids.
- conjunctivitis
- Trachoma
- Opthalmia neonatorum
The genitourinary tract is a mucous membrane portal of entry. What does that entail?
It’s sexually contracted. Causes HIV, genital warts, chlamydia, and syphillis
The gastrointestinal tract is a mucous membrane portal of entry. What does that entail?
Food, water, contaminated fingers. Causes giardia, shigellosis, and cholera
The respiratory tract is a mucous membrane portal of entry. What does that entail?
The nose and mouth. Causes the common cold, influenza, and pneumonia
The skin is a portal of entry. Microbes gain access through….
hair follicles and sweat gland ducts.
What is interesting about skin?
Largest organ in the body
What is parenteral?
administered or occurring elsewhere in the body than the mouth and alimentary canal.
Parenteral is a port of entry. How do microbes enter the tissue?
Microbes are deposited directly into tissues when barriers are penetrated
Parenteral ports of entry include….
Punctures, injections, bites, cuts, surgery, and dry skin
What diseases can someone contract via parenteral ports?
HIV, hepatitis viruses, tetanus and gangrene
What is the preferred route?
Microbes causing infections through their specific portal of entry
What is the preferred route for Salmonella typhi?
Signs and symptoms identified when swallowed. Gastrointestinal tract. No reaction on skin
What is the preferred route of Streptococcus pneumonia?
Inhaled…respiratory tract. No signs noticed if swallowed.
What is the preferred route for Bacillus anthracis?
More than one entry.
IDv50
Infectious dose for 50% of a sample population. Measures virulence of a microbe
LDv50
lethal dose for 50% of a sample population. Measures potency of a toxin.
