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AP Biology > Chapter 1 and 51 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 and 51 Flashcards

1
Q

Actions carried out by muscles in response to a stimulus

A

Behavior

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2
Q

Study of evolution and ecological basis for animal behavior

A

Behavioral ecology

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3
Q

Sequence of unlearned act directly linked to a stimulus

A

Fixed action pattern

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4
Q

What is an example of fixed action pattern?

A

Sicklebacks react to other males with red bellies and also reacted aggressively to red things

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5
Q

Regular, long distance change in location

A

Migration

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6
Q

Mechanism to maintain an 24 hour cycle; tells us when to sleep

A

Circadian clocks

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7
Q

What are 2 ways birds navigate to migrate?

A

Earth’s magnetic fields and solar/celestial cues

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8
Q

Chemical substances used to communicate with other animals by the means of defense or attracting mates

A

Pheromones

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9
Q

Behavior you are born with

A

Innate

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10
Q

Behavior you develop through experiences

A

Learned behavior

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11
Q

What are some ways animals communicate?

A

Orienting, tapping, release of chemicals, etc.

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12
Q

Learning a long lasting behavioral response at a specific point in life

A

Imprinting

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13
Q

Limited developmental stage where imprinting occurs

A

Critical period

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14
Q

The animal remembers where things are based on the environment’s structure

A

Spatial learning

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15
Q

A stimulus associated with an outcome

A

Classical learning

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16
Q

Learning from trial and error

A

Operant conditioning

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17
Q

Process of knowing that involves awareness, reasoning, recollection, and judgement

A

Cognition

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18
Q

Activities an animal uses to search for, recognize, and capture food

A

Foraging

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19
Q

Natural selection should favor a foraging behavior that minimizes the costs of foraging and maximizing benefits

A

Optimal foraging theory

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20
Q

No strong pair bond during mating

A

Promiscuity

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21
Q

Mates remain together for a long time

A

Monogamy

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22
Q

Having more than 1 mate

A

Polygamy

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23
Q

Males mates with many females

A

Polygyny

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24
Q

Female mates with many males

A

Polyandry

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25
What are 2 factors that are important in determining the evolution of these mating systems?
Needs of the young and certainty to paternity
26
Individuals with certain inherited characteristics are more likely than others to obtain a mate
Sexual selection
27
Individuals who are choose of their mate
Intersexual selection
28
Direct competition among individuals of 1 sex
Intrasexual selection
29
Aggressive/ submissive behavior
Agnostic behavior
30
The gene that controls the courtship behavior of animals
Fru gene
31
Behavior that reduces an animal's individual fitness but increases the fitness of others in a population
Altruism
32
What is the advantage of altruistic behavior?
If the parents sacrifice themselves to save the offspring, it maximizes gene representation
33
Favors altruistic behaviors by enhancing reproductive success of relatives
Kin selection
34
Altruistic behavior that occurs between unrelated individuals
Reciprocal Selection
35
What are the 7 properties of life?
Order, evolutionary adaptation, regulation, energy processing, growth and development, reproduction, response to environment.
36
New properties that arise with each step upward as something grows in life
Emergent properties
37
What is an example of emergent properties?
Lead and diamonds may be bother made out of carbon but they look different because of the molecular structure
38
Consists of all life on earth and all places where life exists
Biosphere
39
Consists of all living/nonliving things in a specific area
Ecosystem
40
Entire array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem
Community
41
All individuals of a species living in a specific area
Population
42
Individual living things
Organism
43
Body part(s) that carries out a particular role(s) in the body
Organ/Organ system
44
Fundamental unit of structure and function
Cells
45
A group of cells that work together
Tissue
46
Functional components present in cells
Organelles
47
Chemical structure made up of 2 or more atoms
Molecules
48
Single celled organisms
Prokaryotic
49
Multicellular organisms
Eukaryotic
50
What do eukaryotes include?
Animals and plants
51
What do prokaryotes include?
Archaea and Bacteria
52
Cell's genetic material
DNA
53
Units of inheritance that transmit info from parent to offspring
Genes
54
Genetic instructions that an organism inherits
Genome
55
Decrease rate of production
Negative feedback
56
Increase rate of production
Positive feedback
57
What're the levels of organization in order?
Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain
58
The population varies with traits, species adapt to the environment, competition is inevitable
Natural selection
59
There must be something that can prove an idea is not true through observation and experimentation
Falsifiable
60
The study of animal behavior
Ethology
61
The process of animals positioning themselves with respect to spatial features of their environment
Orientation
62
Turning of an animal's body in response to a stimulus
Taxis
63
Random turning of movement of an animal to a stimulus
Kinesis
64
Mechanism that enables the organism to show a certain type of behavior
Proximate Cause
65
Why and how did the behavior come to be; long term
Ultimate Cause

AP Biology (25 decks)

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