Chapter 7

Question 1

Having a region that is hydrophobic and hydrophilic

Answer 1

Amphipathic

Question 2

What happens to membrane fluidity when the temperature decreases?

Answer 2

Remains as a fluid until phospholipids settle in a tightly packed arrangement

Question 3

What happens to membrane fluidity when it has unsaturated hydrocarbon chains?

Answer 3

More fluidity since they cannot pack tightly together

Question 4

What happens to membrane fluidity when there is cholesterol?

Answer 4

Lowers the temperature required for the membrane to solidify

Question 5

Penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer

Answer 5

Integral protein

Question 6

Appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane

Answer 6

Peripheral protein

Question 7

Carbohydrate binds to lipid

Answer 7

Glycolipid

Question 8

Carbohydrate binds to protein

Answer 8

Glycoprotein

Question 9

Has a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions use to tunnel through the membrane

Answer 9

Channel protein

Question 10

Hold onto passengers and change shape that shuttles them across the membrane

Answer 10

Carrier protein

Question 11

Specifically facilitates osmosis across the membrane of a plant and animal cell

Answer 11

Aquaporins

Question 12

What 3 factors affect how materials cross the membrane?

Answer 12

Size, polarity, charge

Question 13

Region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases

Answer 13

Concentration gradient

Question 14

Diffusion of a substance across a membrane with no use of energy

Answer 14

Passive transport

Question 15

Diffusion of water across membrane

Answer 15

Osmosis

Question 16

Solution that causes no net movement of water in or out of the cell

Answer 16

Isotonic

Question 17

Solution that causes the cell to lose water; more solute

Answer 17

Hypertonic

Question 18

Solution that causes the cell to take up water; less solute

Answer 18

Hypotonic

Question 19

Swollen; water entering the cell

Answer 19

Turgid

Question 20

Limp; water leaving the cell

Answer 20

Flaccid

Question 21

The cytoplasm shrivels and the cell membrane pulls away from the cell

Answer 21

Plasmolysis

Question 22

Passage of molecules or ions down their electrochemical gradient across a membrane with help of transport proteins

Answer 22

Facilitate diffusion

Question 23

Movement of a substance across a membrane requiring energy

Answer 23

Active transport

Question 24

What is the energy source for active transport?

Answer 24

ATP

Question 25

Single ATP powered pump that transports a specific solute can indirectly drive the active transport of several other solutes

Answer 25

Cotransport

Question 26

Vesicle fuse with cell membrane and release substances outside cell

Answer 26

Exocytosis

Question 27

Cell membrane engulfs substance and brings it into the cell in a vesicle

Answer 27

Endocytosis

Question 28

Takes in cholesterol for membrane and steroid synthesis

Answer 28

Receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 29

Cell ingests extracellular fluids and its dissolved solutes

Answer 29

Pinocytosis

Question 30

Any molecules that binds to a receptor side of another molecule

Answer 30

Ligand

Question 31

What part of the phospholipid is polar?

Answer 31

Head

Question 32

What part of the phospholipid is nonpolar?

Answer 32

Tail

Question 33

Process of generating ATP to ADP and phosphate

Answer 33

Phosphorylation

Question 34

Open channel through the cell wall that connects the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells, allowing water, small solutes, and molecules to pass between cells

Answer 34

Plasmodesmata

Question 35

physical pressure on a solution

Answer 35

Pressure potential

Question 36

Linkage of a mechanical, chemical, or electromagnetic stimulus to a specific cellular response

Answer 36

Signal transduction

Question 37

Transmission of a stimulus from one cell to another

Answer 37

Signal cascade

Question 38

A transport protein in the cell membrane that actively transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell

Answer 38

Ion pump

Question 39

Substance that is being dissolved

Answer 39

Solute

Question 40

Dissolving agent of a soluion

Answer 40

Solvent

Question 41

Prevents the leakage of material through the space between cells

Answer 41

Tight junctions

Question 42

Protein on a cell membrane

Answer 42

Transmembrane protein

Question 43

Helps a certain substance or class of close related substances to cross the membrane

Answer 43

Transport protein

Question 44

Physical properties predicting what direction what will flow

Answer 44

Water potential