Chapter 12

Question 1

What are the 3 roles of cell division?

Answer 1

Developing, renewing, genetics

Question 2

The life of a cell from the time it’s first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division into 2 daughter cells

Answer 2

Cell cycle

Question 3

A cell’s genetic information

Answer 3

Genome

Question 4

How many chromosomes are in a human somatic cell?

Answer 4

46

Question 5

Name 2 types of somatic cells

Answer 5

Any cells in body except reproductive cells

Question 6

Reproductive cells

Answer 6

Gamete

Question 7

Name 2 types of gametes

Answer 7

Sperm, eggs

Question 8

How many chromosomes are present in a human gamete?

Answer 8

23

Question 9

Entire DNA and proteins that is the building material of chromosomes

Answer 9

Chromatin

Question 10

Cellular structure carrying genetic material

Answer 10

Chromosome

Question 11

One of the 2 identical joined copies of the original chromosome

Answer 11

Chromatid

Question 12

Region containing specific DNA sequences where the chromatid is attached most closely to its sister chromatid

Answer 12

Centromere

Question 13

Division of genetic material in the nucleus

Answer 13

Mitosis

Question 14

Division of cytoplasm

Answer 14

Cytokinesis

Question 15

Division of sex cells

Answer 15

Meiosis

Question 16

First part of interphase, if there is no signal then cell stops dividing

Answer 16

G1

Question 17

Chromosomes duplicate

Answer 17

S

Question 18

Cell makes organelles and molecules needed for division

Answer 18

G2

Question 19

Includes mitosis and cytokinesis

Answer 19

M

Question 20

What are the components of the mitotic spindle?

Answer 20

Microtubules and associated proteins

Question 21

Structure of proteins associated with specific sections of chromosomal DNA at each centromere

Answer 21

Kinetichore

Question 22

Nuclear envelope encloses nucleus, chromosomes cannot be seen

Answer 22

Interphase

Question 23

Nucleoli disappear, chromosomes condense, centrosomes move away from each other

Answer 23

Prophase

Question 24

Centrosomes are at opposite poles, chromosome convene in the middle

Answer 24

Metaphase

Question 25

Each of the 2 chromatids have a kinetichore, nuclear envelope fragments

Answer 25

Prometaphase

Question 26

Nucleoli reappear, chromosomes become less condensed, 2 daughter nuclei form

Answer 26

Cytokinesis, telophase

Question 27

Shortest phase of mitosis, sister chromatids part ways

Answer 27

Anaphase

Question 28

Microtubules that don't attach to kinetochores

Answer 28

Nonkinetochore microtubules

Question 29

At which end to kinetochore microtubules shorten during anaphase?

Answer 29

As they move poleward

Question 30

Describe cytokinesis in a plant cell

Answer 30

Golgi body moves along microtubules to the middle of the cell where they coalesce forming a cell plate

Question 31

Describe cytokinesis in an animal cell

Answer 31

Actin microfilaments interact with myosin molecules causing the ring to contract and separate

Question 32

Cell grows double its size then divides

Answer 32

Binary fission

Question 33

What controls the cell cycle?

Answer 33

Specific signaling molecules present in cytoplasm

Question 34

A control point where stop and go ahead signals can regulate the cycle

Answer 34

Cell cycle checkpoint

Question 35

The cell is in a non-dividing phase

Answer 35

G0

Question 36

Enzymes that activate or inactivate proteins by phosphorylation

Answer 36

Protein kinase

Question 37

What does MPF trigger?

Answer 37

Cell's passage past the G2 checkpoint into the fragmentation of the nuclear envelope

Question 38

Proteins released by cells that stimulate other cells to divide

Answer 38

Growth factors

Question 39

Crowded cells stop dividing

Answer 39

Density-dependent inhibition

Question 40

To divide, they must be attached to a substratum

Answer 40

Anchorage dependence

Question 41

Process that converts a normal cell to a cancer cell

Answer 41

Transformation

Question 42

Spread of cancer cells to other locations

Answer 42

Metastasis

Question 43

Cancer that doesn't spread due to lack of genetic material

Answer 43

Benign

Question 44

Cancer that spreads to other organs and impairs them

Answer 44

Malignant

Question 45

What are the 2 cancer treatments?

Answer 45

High energy radiation, chemotheraphy

Question 46

Checks for cell size, growth factor, and environment

Answer 46

G1 checkpoint

Question 47

Checks to see if DNA replication is complete, DNA mutation or damage, cell size, density dependent

Answer 47

G2 checkpoint

Question 48

Checks to see if chromosomes are appropriately attached to spindles before anaphase happens

Answer 48

M checkpoint