Chapter 1: Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

Question 1

the scientific study of life

Answer 1

biology

Question 2

consists of all life on earth and all the places where life exists

Answer 2

biosphere

Question 3

all living things in particular area along with all the nonliving components of the environment with which life interacts

Answer 3

ecosystems

Question 4

the array of organize inhabiting a particular ecosystem is called what

Answer 4

biological community

Question 5

a group whose members can only reproduce with other members if the group

Answer 5

species

Question 6

consists of all the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area that interbreed with each other

Answer 6

population

Question 7

individual living things are called what

Answer 7

organisms

Question 8

a body part that is made up of multiple tissues and has a specific functions in the body

Answer 8

organ

Question 9

the life’s fundamental unit of structure and function

Answer 9

cell

Question 10

the various functional components present in cell

Answer 10

organelles

Question 11

a group of cells that work together

Answer 11

tissue

Question 12

a chemical structure consisting of two or more units called atoms

Answer 12

molecule

Question 13

and approach that reduced complex systems to simpler components that are more manable to study

Answer 13

reductionism

Question 14

the object study in a reductionist approach

Answer 14

isolated components of living systems

Question 15

new properties that Arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases

Answer 15

emergent properties

Question 16

an approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of interactions among the system’s parts

Answer 16

systems biology

Question 17

the smallest unit of organization that can perform all activities required for life

Answer 17

cell

Question 18

the cell theory

Answer 18

all living organisms are made of cells

Question 19

this type of cell contains membrane enclosed organelles

Answer 19

eukaryotic

Question 20

this type of cell lacks a nucleus or other membrane enclosed organelles

Answer 20

prokaryotic cell

Question 21

genetic material

Answer 21

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 22

units of inheritance

Answer 22

gene

Question 23

encode the information necessary to build all the molecules synthesized within a cell

Answer 23

gene

Question 24

control protein production

Answer 24

RNA

Question 25

the sequence of nucleotides along a gene is transcribed into what

Answer 25

mRNA

Question 26

protein building blocks

Answer 26

amino acids

Question 27

the entire process by which information in a gene directs the manufacture of a cellular product is what

Answer 27

gene expression

Question 28

is its entire “library” of genetic instructions

Answer 28

genome

Question 29

is the study of sets of genes in one or more species

Answer 29

genomics

Question 30

is the study of whole sets of proteins and their properties

Answer 30

proteomics

Question 31

The entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell, tissue, or organ is called

Answer 31

proteome

Question 32

The chemical energy generated by plants and other photosynthetic organisms

Answer 32

producers

Question 33

are organisms that feed on other organisms or their remains

Answer 33

consumers

Question 34

is the one idea that makes logical sense of everything we know about living organisms

Answer 34

evolution

Question 35

the concept that living organisms are modified descendants of common ancestors

Answer 35

evolution

Question 36

the name of the soecies

Answer 36

homo sapiens

Question 37

three organism. are divided into three domains

Answer 37

Bacteria Archaea

Question 38

includes all eukaryotic organisms

Answer 38

eukaraya

Question 39

The most numerous and diverse eukaryotes are the

Answer 39

Protists

Question 40

The most numerous and diverse eukaryotes are the

Answer 40

dna

Question 41

Darwin made two main points

Answer 41

Species showed evidence of “descent with modification” from common ancestors “Natural selection” is the mechanism behind descent with modification

Question 42

The natural environment “selects” for the propagation of beneficial traits

Answer 42

natural selection

Question 43

The shared anatomy of mammalian limbs reflects the inheritance of the limb structure from where

Answer 43

a common ancestor

Question 44

is derived from Latin and means “to know”

Answer 44

science

Question 45

The resulting global warming is just one aspect of

Answer 45

climate change

Question 46

Theodosius Dobzhansky's quote

Answer 46

“Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution”

Question 47

how many species have been identified and named

Answer 47

1.8 million species

Question 48

which two names do organisms go by?

Answer 48

genus and species

Question 49

what three divisions are organisms divided into

Answer 49

bacteria archaea eukaryotic

Question 50

what domains does prokaryotes have

Answer 50

bacteria and archaea

Question 51

includes the protists and three kingdoms

Answer 51

eukarya

Question 52

what kingdoms does eukaryotic include

Answer 52

plants fungi animals

Question 53

produce their own food

Answer 53

plants

Question 54

absorb nutrients

Answer 54

fungi

Question 55

ingest their food

Answer 55

animals

Question 56

The most numerous and diverse eukaryotes are the mostly single celled organisms

Answer 56

protist

Question 57

s the universal genetic language common to all organisms

Answer 57

DNA

Question 58

occurs as the unequal reproductive success of individuals

Answer 58

evolution

Question 59

Evolutionary relationships are often illustrated with what

Answer 59

treelike diagrams

Question 60

is the search for information and explanations of natural phenomena

Answer 60

inquiry

Question 61

Recorded observations are called

Answer 61

data

Question 62

often take the form of recorded descriptions

Answer 62

 Qualitative data

Question 63

are expressed as numerical measurement, organized into tables and graphs

Answer 63

Quantitative data

Question 64

is an explanation, based on observations and assumptions, that leads to a testable prediction

Answer 64

hypothesis

Question 65

is a scientific test, carried out under controlled conditions

Answer 65

experiment

Question 66

what kind of explanations are outside the bounds of science

Answer 66

Supernatural and religious

Question 67

is an idealized process of inquiry

Answer 67

scientific inquiries

Question 68

who hypothesized that the color patterns had evolved as adaptations to protect the mice from predators

Answer 68

Francis Bertody Sumner

Question 69

an experimental group is compared with a control group

Answer 69

controlled experiment

Question 70

are features or quantities that vary in an experiment

Answer 70

variables

Question 71

is the one that is manipulated by the researchers

Answer 71

independent variable

Question 72

is the one predicted to be affected in response

Answer 72

dependent variable

Question 73

General, and can lead to new testable hypotheses

Answer 73

theory

Question 74

Supported by a large body of evidence in comparison to a hypothesis

Answer 74

theory

Question 75

the output, or product of a process, regulates that very process

Answer 75

feedback regulation

Question 76

The most common form of regulation in living organisms

Answer 76

negative feedback

Question 77

in which the response reduces the initial stimulus

Answer 77

negative feedback

Question 78

in which an end product speeds up its own production

Answer 78

positive feedback