Chapter 18: Regulation of Gene Expression

Question 1

mean above or in addition to genetics to explain differentiation

Answer 1

epigenetics

Question 2

can only form from muscle cells

Answer 2

myoblasts

Question 3

can only form from skin cells

Answer 3

keratinocytes

Question 4

can only form from blood cells

Answer 4

hemotopoetic

Question 5

non-sequence dependent inheritance.

Answer 5

epigenetics

Question 6

paternal or maternal traits be expressed in offspring

Answer 6

genetic imprinting

Question 7

Some changes in gene expression that are what?

Answer 7

heritable

Question 8

the expression of different genes by cells with the same genome

Answer 8

differential gene expression

Question 9

can lead to diseases including cancer

Answer 9

abnormalities in gene expression

Question 10

when does gene expression happen?

Answer 10

during transcription

Question 11

A cell that has the ability to continuously divide and differentiate (develop) into various other kind(s) of cells/tissues

Answer 11

stem cell

Question 12

blank cells are called?

Answer 12

unspecialized

Question 13

capable of diving and renewing themselves for long periods of time

Answer 13

stem cells

Question 14

to give rise to specialized cell types

Answer 14

differentiation

Question 15

at type of cell is this:
each cell can develop into a new imdividual?

Answer 15

totipotent

Question 16

example of a totipotent cell

Answer 16

cells from early (1-3 days) embryos

Question 17

cells that can form any cell types

Answer 17

pluripotent

Question 18

how many cell types are there

Answer 18

over 200

Question 19

what is an example of pluripotent cell

Answer 19

some cells of blastocyst (5 to 14 days)

Question 20

cells that have differentiated but can form a number of other tissues

Answer 20

multipotent

Question 21

what is an example of multipotent cell?

Answer 21

fetal tissue
cord blood
adult stem cells

Question 22

five to six day old embryos

Answer 22

embryonic stem cells

Question 23

derived from the part of a human embryo or fetus that will ultimately produce eggs or sperm (gametes).

Answer 23

embryonic germ cells

Question 24

undifferentiated cells found among specialized or differentiated cells in a tissue or organ after birth

Answer 24

adult stem cells

Question 25

develop

Answer 25

differentiate

Question 26

appear to have a more restricted ability to produce different cell types and to self-renew.

Answer 26

adult stem cells

Question 27

are unspecialised cells that have the ability to reproduce and differentiate into a diverse range of specialised cells

Answer 27

Stem cells

Question 28

are adult cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell-like state.

Answer 28

induced pluripotent stem cells

Question 29

in what ? the acetyl groups are attached to an amino acid in a histone tail

Answer 29

histone acetylation

Question 30

what appears to open up the chromatin structure, thereby promoting the initiation of transcription

Answer 30

histone acetylation

Question 31

The addition of methyl groups

Answer 31

methylation

Question 32

what can condense chromatin and reduce transcription

Answer 32

methylation

Question 33

is associated with reduced transcription in some species

Answer 33

DNA methylation

Question 34

can cause long-term inactivation of genes in cellular differentiation

Answer 34

DNA methylation

Question 35

regulates expression of either the maternal or paternal alleles of certain genes at the start of development

Answer 35

methylation

Question 36

what represses gene activity

Answer 36

methyl marks on dna bases

Question 37

what is the epigenetic code

Answer 37

DNA methylation and Histone Modification

Question 38

A cluster of functionally related genes can be coordinately controlled by a single “on-off switch” called what?

Answer 38

operator

Question 39

where is the operator usually positioned

Answer 39

in the promoter

Question 40

is the entire stretch of DNA that includes the operator, the promoter, and the genes that they control

Answer 40

operon

Question 41

The operon can be switched off by what?

Answer 41

repressor

Question 42

prevents gene transcription by binding to the operator and blocking RNA polymerase

Answer 42

the repressor

Question 43

what is the repressor the product of?

Answer 43

regulatory gene

Question 44

is a molecule that cooperates with a repressor protein to switch an operon off

Answer 44

corepressor