Chapter 3: Water and Life

Question 1

is the only common substance to exist in the
natural environment in all three physical states of
matter

Answer 1

water

Question 2

spend more time near the oxygen
than the hydrogen

Answer 2

polar covalent bonds

Question 3

Four of water’s properties that facilitate an
environment for life are

Answer 3

Cohesive behavior
Ability to moderate temperature
Expansion upon freezing
Versatility as a solvent

Question 4

Collectively, hydrogen bonds hold water molecules
together, a phenomenon called

Answer 4

cohesion

Question 5

helps the transport of water against gravity
in plants

Answer 5

cohesion

Question 6

is an attraction between different
substances, for example, between water and plant
cell walls

Answer 6

adhesion

Question 7

is a measure of how difficult it is to
break the surface of a liquid

Answer 7

Surface tension

Question 8

is the energy of motion

Answer 8

kinetic energy

Question 9

The kinetic energy associated with random motion of
atoms or molecules is called what

Answer 9

thermal energy

Question 10

represents the average kinetic energy
of the molecules in a body of matter

Answer 10

temperature

Question 11

Thermal energy transfered from one body of
matter to another is defined as

Answer 11

heat

Question 12

s the amount of heat required to
raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1ºC

Answer 12

calorie (cal)

Question 13

The “Calories” on food packages are actually

Answer 13

kilocalories (kcal)

Question 14

is transformation of a
substance from liquid to gas

Answer 14

Evaporation (or vaporization)

Question 15

is the heat a liquid must
absorb for 1 g to be converted to gas

Answer 15

Heat of vaporization

Question 16

As a liquid evaporates, its remaining surface cools, a
process called

Answer 16

evaporative cooling

Question 17

evaporative cooling

Answer 17

As a liquid evaporates, its remaining surface cools, a
process called

Question 18

Water reaches its greatest density at what temperature

Answer 18

4ºC

Question 19

is a liquid that is a completely
homogeneous mixture of substances

Answer 19

solution

Question 20

is the dissolving agent of a solution

Answer 20

solvent

Question 21

is the substance that is dissolved

Answer 21

solute

Question 22

solution is one in which water is the
solvent

Answer 22

aqueous solution

Question 23

Water is a versatile solvent due to its what

Answer 23

polarity

Question 24

solute

Answer 24

is the substance that is dissolved

Question 25

solvent

Answer 25

is the dissolving agent of a solution

Question 26

solution

Answer 26

is a liquid that is a completely homogeneous mixture of substances

Question 27

When an ionic compound is dissolved in water, each ion is surrounded by a sphere of water molecules called a

Answer 27

hydration shell

Question 28

hydration shell

Answer 28

When an ionic compound is dissolved in water, each ion is surrounded by a sphere of water molecules called a

Question 29

substance is one that has an affinity for water

Answer 29

hydrophilic

Question 30

hydrophilic

Answer 30

substance is one that has an affinity for water

Question 31

substance is one that does not have an affinity for water

Answer 31

hydrophobic

Question 32

the major ingredients of cell membranes

Answer 32

Hydrophobic molecules related to oils

Question 33

The hydrogen atom leaves its electron behind and is transferred as a proton,

Answer 33

hydrogen ion (H+)

Question 34

Biologists use the what to describe whether a solution is acidic or basic (the opposite of acidic)

Answer 34

ph scale

Question 35

is a substance that increases the H+ concentration of a solution

Answer 35

acid

Question 36

is a substance that reduces the H+ concentration of a solution

Answer 36

base

Question 37

Strong acids and bases dissociate completely in what?

Answer 37

water

Question 38

Acidic solutions have this pH values

Answer 38

less than 7

Question 39

have pH values greater than 7

Answer 39

bases

Question 40

have pH values less than 7

Answer 40

acids

Question 41

Most biological fluids have pH values in the range of

Answer 41

6 to 8

Question 42

is the main product of fossil fuel combustion

Answer 42

CO2

Question 43

CO2 dissolved in seawater forms carbonic acid; this process is called what

Answer 43

ocean acidification

Question 44

is required for calcification

Answer 44

carbonate