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Biology 1 > Chapter 10: Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

The energy in the food you eat was
“captured” by plants during what

A

photosynthesis

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2
Q

You extract the energy via what

A

cellular respiration.

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3
Q

“self-feeders” that sustain
themselves without eating anything derived
from other organisms

A

autotrophs

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4
Q

using the energy of sunlight to make organic

A

photoautotrophs

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5
Q

Researchers are exploring methods of using
the photosynthetic process to produce what

A

alternative fuels

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6
Q

obtain organic material from other
organisms

A

heterotrophs

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7
Q

are the consumers of the biosphere

A

heterotrophs

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8
Q

consume dead organic material or feces

A

decomposers

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9
Q

Almost all heterotrophs, including humans,
depend on what for food and Oxygen

A

photoautotrophs

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10
Q

make up the highest plant productivity
on earth!

A

Marine and aquatic algae

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11
Q

are the major locations of photosynthesis in
plants

A

leaves

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12
Q

the interior tissue of the leaf

A

mesophyll

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13
Q

CO2 enters and O2 exits the leaf through microscopic pores called

A

stomata

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14
Q

dense fluid

A

stroma

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15
Q

are connected sacs in the chloroplast
that compose a third membrane system

A

thylakoids

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16
Q

the pigment that gives leaves their
green color, resides in the thylakoid membranes

A

chlorophyll

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17
Q

what kind of process is photosynthesis

A

endergonic process

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18
Q

are substances that absorb visible light

A

pigments

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19
Q

Wavelengths that are not absorbed are

A

reflected or transmitted

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20
Q

measures a pigment’s ability to absorb various wavelengths

A

spectrophotometer

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21
Q

sends light through pigments and
measures the fraction of light transmitted at each
wavelength

A

spectrophotometer

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22
Q

radiant energy

A

light

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23
Q

what does light exist as

A

photons

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24
Q

The complete range of light
is called the

A

electromagnetic spectrum

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25
What happens when photons hit an object?
1) They are reflected 2) Or they are absorbed 3) Or they pass right through what they hit! (transmitted)
26
the key light-capturing pigment
Chlorophyll a
27
an accessory pigment
Chlorophyll b
28
may broaden the spectrum of colors that drive photosynthesis
caroteniods
29
type of Chlorophyll b
caroteniods
30
they absorb excessive light that would damage chlorophyll or react with oxygen
photoprotection
31
what happens when a pigment absorbs light?
it goes from a ground state to an excited state, which is unstable
32
When excited electrons fall back to the ground state, excess energy is released as what?
heat
33
In isolation, some pigments also emit light, an afterglow called what?
fluorecence
34
what are the two main phases of Photosynthesis?
Photosystems and Calvin Cycle
35
describe the light in photosystems
its dependent of RX
36
what is the job of photosystems
Convert solar energy to chemical energy
37
What are the products of photosystems
O2, ATP, NADPH
38
describe the light the Calvin Cycle
its independent of RX
39
where is the Calvin cycle located
Stroma (a dense fluid) in Chloroplast
40
what does the Calvin Cycle do
Carbon fixation produces glucose
41
products of the Calvin cycle
glucose
42
input of Calvin cycle
CO2 NADPH
43
consists of a reaction-center complex surrounded by light-harvesting complexes
photosystem
44
consists of pigment molecules bound to proteins
light-harvesting complex
45
transfer the energy of photons to the chlorophyll a molecules in the reaction-center complex
light-harvesting complex
46
accepts excited electrons and is reduced as a result
primary electron acceptor
47
where is the primary electron acceptor located
the reaction center
48
the first step of the light reactions
Solar-powered transfer of an electron from a chlorophyll a molecule to the primary electron acceptor
49
two types of photosystems in the thylakoid membrane
Photosystem II and Photosystem I
50
what photosystem functions first
Photosystem II
51
The reaction-center chlorophyll a of PS II is called what
P680
52
why is the reaction-center chlorophyll a of PS II is called P680
because it is best at absorbing a wavelength of 680 nm
53
reaction-center chlorophyll a of PS I is called what
P700
54
electrons excited by sunlight energy release energy as electrons passed down ETC
photophosphorylation
55
what does the linear equation electron flow use?
Utilizes both photosystem I & II
56
what does the linear equation electron flow produce
NADPH & ATP in equal amounts
57
what does the Cyclic Electron Flow use?
Only utilizes photosystem I
58
what does the linear equation electron flow produce
Produces ATP – makes up difference needed for Calvin Cycle
59
what does the calvin cycle require more of?
ATP
60
Photons w/ wavelengths of 680 nm excite electrons in what
PS II
61
Produces additional ATP’s needed to perform Calvin Cycle
Cyclic Electron Flow
62
how does the cyclic electron produces additional ATP’s needed to perform Calvin Cycle
Excited electrons from PS I enter into previous ETC, which releases ATP as it is passed along
63
where is the calvin cycle located?
in the storma in chloroplast
64
what is the impute for calvin cycle
CO2 and NADPH
65
what is the calvin cycle output
glucose
66
regenerates its starting material after molecules enter and leave the cycle
calvin cycle
67
how is the Calvin cycle anabolic?
its builds sugers from smaller molecules using ATP and NADPH
68
where are Dark or Light Independent reactions located?
stroma of chloroplast highly regulated enzyme pathway enzymes use ATP and NADPH to produce glucose occur in the presence or absence of light
69
three stages of calvin cycle
carbon fixation reduction regeneration of CO2 acceptor
70
CO2 fixed from atmosphere by RuBP catalyzed by enzyme Rubisco
carbon fixation
71
ATP phosphorylation and NADPH reduction to form G3P (Glucose precursor)
Reduction
72
Some G3P is phosphorylated by ATP in order to reform RuBP
Regeneration of CO2 acceptor
73
NAD+ & ADP reused by
photosystems I & II
74
At high temps or during droughts, stomata stay closed.
leads to Photorespiration and a loss of productivit

Biology 1 (18 decks)

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