Chapter 1: Into To The Human Body

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Ana-up
Tomy- Process of cutting.
The science of body structures and relationship among them. First studied by dissection

Question 2

Dissection

Answer 2

Dis-apart
Section-act of cutting
The careful cutting apart of body structures to study their relationships.

Question 3

Physiology

Answer 3

Physio-nature
Logy- study of
Is the science of body functions, how the body works.

Question 4

Chemical Level

Answer 4

The very basic level. Can be compared to the letters of the alphabet.
Includes atoms and molecules.

Question 5

Atoms

Answer 5

The smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reactions.

Question 6

Molecules

Answer 6

Two or more atoms joined together.

Question 7

Cells

Answer 7

The basic structural and functional units of an organism that are composed of chemical.
The smallest living units in the human body.

Question 8

Tissues

Answer 8

Groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function.

Question 9

4 Types of Tissue in Body

Answer 9

Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Muscular Tissue
Nervous Tissue

Question 10

Organs

Answer 10

Structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissues. They have specific functions and usually have recognizable shapes.

Question 11

System

Answer 11

Consists of related organs with common functions.

Question 12

Organism

Answer 12

All the parts of the human body functioning together constitutes the total organism.

Question 13

Metabolism

Answer 13

The sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body.

Question 14

2 phases of Metabolism

Answer 14

1. Catabolism: the breakdown of complex chemicals into similar components.
2. Anabolism: the building up of complex chemicals substance from smaller, simpler components.

Question 15

Responsiveness

Answer 15

Ability to detect change in the body and respond to it.

Question 16

Movement

Answer 16

Includes motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells and tiny structures inside cells.

Question 17

Growth

Answer 17

Increase in body size due to an increase in the size of existing cells, and/or increase in the number of cells.

Question 18

Differentiation

Answer 18

Development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state.

Question 19

Stem Cell

Answer 19

Precursor cells that can divide and give rise to cells that undergo differentiation.

Question 20

Reproduction

Answer 20

2 Parts:
1. The formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair or replacement.
2. The production of a new individual.

Question 21

Homeostasis

Answer 21

Homeo- sameness
Stasis- standing still
The maintenance of relatively stable conditions in the body’s internal environment.

Question 22

Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

Answer 22

Fluid within cells

Question 23

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

Answer 23

Fluid outside the cell

Question 24

Interstitial Fluid

Answer 24

The ECF that fills the narrow spaces between the cells of tissues

Question 25

Blood Plasma

Answer 25

ECF that that is within blood vessels

Question 26

Lymph

Answer 26

ECF within lymphatic vessels

Question 27

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Answer 27

ECF in and around the brain and spinal cord

Question 28

Synovial Fluid

Answer 28

ECF in joints

Question 29

Aqueous Humor and Vitreous Body

Answer 29

ECF of the eyes

Question 30

3 Components of Feedback System

Answer 30

1. Receptors 2. Control Center 3. Effectors

Question 31

Afferent Pathway

Answer 31

Information flows toward the control center

Question 32

Efferent Pathway

Answer 32

Information flows away from the controls center

Question 33

Input

Answer 33

Is in the form of nerves impulses or chemical signals

Question 34

Output

Answer 34

In the form of nerve impulses, hormones or chemical signals.

Question 35

Anatomical Position

Answer 35

The subject is standing erect facing an observer. Head level and eyes facing directly forward. Lower limbs are parallel and the feet are flat on the floor directed forward. The upper limbs are at the sides with the palms turned forward.

Question 36

Prone

Answer 36

Reclining body, body laying face down.

Question 37

Supine

Answer 37

Recline body, body is lying face up.

Question 38

Directional Terms

Answer 38

Words that describe the position of one body’s part relative to another.

Question 39

Superior

Answer 39

Toward the head or the upper part of a structure.

Question 40

Inferior

Answer 40

Away from the head

Question 41

Anterior

Answer 41

Nearer to or at the front of the body.

Question 42

Posterior

Answer 42

Near to or at the back of the body.

Question 43

Medial

Answer 43

Near to the midline. Divides the body into equal right and left sides.

Question 44

Lateral

Answer 44

Farther away from the midline.

Question 45

Intermediate

Answer 45

Between two structures.

Question 46

Ipsilateral

Answer 46

On the same side of the body as another structure.

Question 47

Contralateral

Answer 47

On the opposite side of the body from another structure.

Question 48

Proximal

Answer 48

Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the truck. Nearer to the origination.

Question 49

Distal

Answer 49

Farther from the attachment of a limb to the truck. Father away from the origination.

Question 50

Superficial

Answer 50

Toward to on the surface of the body.

Question 51

Deep

Answer 51

Away from the surface of the body.

Question 52

Planes

Answer 52

Imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body parts.

Question 53

2 Body Systems that Maintain Homeostasis

Answer 53

1. Nervous System By regulating body temperature to maintain body’s internal environment. 2. Endocrine System By controlling blood sugar (glucose) levels by using insulin.

Question 54

Directional Terms

Answer 54

Words that describe the position of ones body part relative to another.

Question 55

Anatomical Planes

Answer 55

Imaginary flat surfaces that pass through body parts.

Question 56

Sagittal Plane

Answer 56

Vertical line that divides the body/organ into right and left sides

Question 57

Midsagittal Plane

Answer 57

Or median Plane Planes passes through the midline of the body/organ, divides into equal right and left sides

Question 58

Midline

Answer 58

Imaginary vertical line that divides the body into equal left and right sides.

Question 59

Parasagittal Plane

Answer 59

Divides the body/organ into unequal right and left sides.

Question 60

Frontal

Answer 60

Or coronal plane Divides body/organ into anterior and posterior portions

Question 61

Transverse Plane

Answer 61

Divides body/organ into superior and inferior portions

Question 62

Oblique Plane

Answer 62

Passes through the body/organ at an angle (any angle other than 90 degrees)

Question 63

Section

Answer 63

Cut of the body or one organ made along a plane.

Question 64

3 types of Sections

Answer 64

Midsagittal: Made down the midline Frontal: Made down the front, divides body into anterior and posterior parts Transverse: Made across from front to back, divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Question 65

Viscera

Answer 65

Organs inside thoracic and abdomen pelvic cavities

Question 66

Membrane

Answer 66

Thin, pliable tissue that covers, lines, partitions or connects structures

Question 67

Serous Membrane

Answer 67

Double layered, slippery Does not open directly to exterior Covers viscera Lines walls of thorax and abdominopelvic cavities

Question 68

Retoperitioneal

Answer 68

Organs that are not surrounded by the peritonuem Instead they are posterior to it