Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology 235 > Chapter 7: The Skeletal System Axial System > Flashcards

Chapter 7: The Skeletal System Axial System Flashcards

1
Q

Longs Bones

A

Greater length than width

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Short Bones

A

Somewhat cubed shaped and nearly equal in length and width

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Flat Bones

A

Thin, composed of two parallel plates of compact bone tissue enclosed in spongy tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Irregular Bones

A

Complex shape
Vary in amount of compact and spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sesamoid Bones

A

Shaped like sesame seeds
Develop tendons where there is friction, tension and stress such as palms and soles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sutures Bones

A

Small bones located in sutures (joints) between certain cranial bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fissure

A

Depression and opening
Narrow slit between adjacent parts of bone
Blood vessels pass through
Superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Foramen

A

Depression and opening
Opening through which blood vessel, nerves or ligaments pass
Optic Forman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fossa

A

Depression and openings
Shallow Depression
Coronado fossa of humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sulcus

A

Depression and openings
Furrow along bone surface
Accommodates blood, nerves or tendon
Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Meatus

A

Depression and openings
Tubelike opening
External auditory meatus of temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Condyle

A

Processes
Forms joint
Large round protuberance with a smooth articular surface at end of bone
Lateral condyle of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Facet

A

Processes
Forms joint
Smooth, flat, slight concave or convex articular surface at end of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Head

A

Processes
Forms Joint
Usually rounded articular projection support on neck of bone
Head of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Crest

A

Processes
Forms attachment
Prominent ridge or elongated projection
Lilac crest of hip bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Epicondyle

A

Processes
Forms attachment
Typically roughened projection above condyle
Medial epicondyle of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Line

A

Processes
Forms attachment, either long, narrow ridge or border
Lines aspera of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Spinous Process

A

Spine
Processes of vertebral arch
Forms attachment for muscles
Sharp, slender projection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Trochanter

A

Processes
Forms attachment
Large projection
Greater trochanter of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Tubercle

A

Processes
Forms attachment
Rounded projections
Greater tubercle of humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Tubersosity

A

Processes
Forms attachment
Variable sized projection that has a rough bumpy surface
Ischial tuberosity of hip bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Skull

A

framework of head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cranial Bones

A

From cranial cavity, encloses and protects the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Facial Bones

A

14 bones
2 nasal bones
2 maxillae
2 zygomatic
Mandible
2 lacrimal
2 palatine
2 inferior nasal conchae
Vomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Normal Curves
Appearance of spine from side, shows slight bend
26
Cervical and Lumbar Curve
Front of body, convex (bulging out)
27
Thoracic and Sacral Curves
Concave (cupping in)
28
Function of Curves of Vertebral Column
Increases strength Helps maintain balance in upright postion Absorbs shock during walking Help protect the vertebrae from fracture
29
Intervertebral Discs
Found between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae from the end cervical vertebra to the sacrum Account of 25% of height
30
Annulus Fibrosus
Contained in each intervertebral disc. Each disc has outer fibrous ring consists of fibrocartilage.
31
Nucleus Pulposus
An inner soft, pulpy, highly elastic substance of intervertebral disc.
32
Thorax
Entire chest region
33
Thoracic Cage
Skeletal part of thorax. Bony enclosure formed by the sternum, ribs, costal cartilage and bodies of thoracic vertebrae.
34
Sternum
Breastbone. Flat, narrow bone located in the center of the thoracic wall.
35
Manubrium
Superior part of sternum
36
Body - Sternum
Middle and largest part of the sternum
37
Xiphoid Process
Smallest part of the sternum
38
Sternal Angle
Junction of the manubrium and body of sternum.
39
Suprasternal Notch
Depression on superior surface of Manubrium of sternum
40
Clavicular Notches
Lateral to suprasternal notch
41
Sternoclavicular Joints
Formed by clavicular notches that articulates with medial ends of clavicles
42
Ribs
12 pairs, numbered 1-12 from superior to inferior. Give structural support to the sides of the thoracic cavity.
43
Costal Cartilage
Strip of Hyaline cartilage that attached ribs 1-7 to anterior of sternum.
44
Sternocostal joints
Articulation formed between true ribs and the sternum
45
Vertebrochondral Ribs
False ribs
46
Floating Vertebral Ribs
The 11 and 12th pairs of ribs. The costal cartilages at their anterior ends do not attach to the sternum at all.
47
Bones of Adult - Axal
80 Bones
48
Bones of Adult - Appendicular
126 bones: flat and irregular Consists of upper and lower limbs
49
Bone Surface Markings
1. Depression and Openings: allow for passage of soft tissue (blood, nerves, ligaments) 2. Processes: Projections or outgrowth. Either forms joint or forms attachment points for CT.
50
Mandible
Only moveable bone Longest, strongest facial bone
51
Skull Function
1. Protects Brain 2. Stabilizes brain, blood vessels, lymphatic tissue and nerves by attachment to meninges 3. Outer surfaces provides attachment of muscles for head movement 4. Provide attachment for muscles of facial expression
52
Nasal Septum
Feature of skull in Ethmoid Bone Vertical - divides nasal cavity into left and right sides Consists of bone and cartilage Components: vomer, septal cartilage, perpendicular plate, ethmoid bone
53
Orbits
Special feature of skull Formed by 7 cranial bones A) cranial : frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid B) facial: palatine, zygomatic, lacrimal, maxilla Contains: eye ball and associated structure.
54
Foramina
Special feature of skull Openings for blood vessels. Nerves or ligaments
55
Frontal Sinus
Deep to frontal aquamarine
56
Temporal Squama
Anterior and superior part of bone
57
Zygomatic Process
Projects from inferior part of TB Articulates with zygomatic bone
58
Zygomatic Bone
Cheek Bones
59
Zygomatic Arch
Formed by zygomatic process and zygomatic bone
60
Mandibular Fossa
Socket on inferior portion of zygomatic process
61
Temporamandibular Joint
Or TMJ Formed by mandibular fossa and articular tubercle Articulate with mandible
62
Mastoid Portion
TB Rounded, Posterior and inferior to external auditory canal
63
Internal Auditory Meatus
TB opening through which facil IV and vestibulcochlear VII nerve pass
64
Petronius Portion
TB Floor of cranial cavity, triangle part. Houses internal and middle ear.
65
Foramen Magnum
OB Large hole in inferior part of bone
66
Occipital Condyle
OB Oval process with convex surfaces Located on either side of Foramen magnum Articulates with 1st cervical vertebra: allows nodding of head
67
Occipital Condyle
Oval process with convex surfaces On either side of Foramen magnum
68
Atlanta occipital joint
Formed by articulation of occipital Condyle and 1st cervical vertebra Allows head to nod
69
External Occipital protuberance
Most prominent midline projection
70
Sella Turcica
SB Saddle shaped Superior surface
71
Hypophyseal Fossa
SB Contains pituitary gland
72
Hyoid Bone
Unique component of axial skeleton Does not articulate with any other bone. Suspends from styloid process of TB by muscles and ligaments. Located been mandible and larynx Supports tongue
73
Nasal Bones
Paired, small. Forms bridge, consists of cartilage. Protects upper entry of nasal cavity. Provides attachment for muscles of facial expression.
74
Lacrimal Bone
Paired, thin, smallest face bone. Forms part of medial wall of each orbit.
75
Palatine Bone
Two L shaped bones Forms posterior portion of hard palate, floor and lateral wall of nasal cavity.
76
Inferior Nasal Conchae
Two scroll like, inferior to ethmoid bone. Forms part of nasal cavity
77
Vomer
Single bone, roughly triangle shaped on floor of nasal cavity Articulates with ethmoid and sphenoid bone. Forms inferior nasal septum
78
Maxillae
Paired, unite to form upper jawbone. Articulates with every face bone except mandible. Contains: hard palate
79
Hard Palate
Bony roof of mouth Formed by palatine process and hard plate of palatine bone.
80
Sutures
1. Coronal 2. Sagittal 3. Squamous 4. Lambdoid
81
Paranasal Sinuses
Cavities within nasal cavity Lined weigh muscous membranes that drain into wall of nasal cavity. Small or absent at birth, grow with puberty. Helps with resonance of voice.
82
Vertebrae
7 cervical 12 Thoracic 5 Lumbar 1 sacrum 1 coccyx
83
Vertebral Body
Thick disc shaped, anterior portion. Wright bearing part of vertebra. Contains: nutrient foramina
84
Vertebral Arch
Formed from: two short, thick processes and pedicles. Pedicles project from vertebral body to unit with flat laminae.
85
Vertebral Foramen
Formed by vertebral arch and body, surrounds the spinal cord. Contains: cord, adipose tissue, areolar CT, blood vessels
86
Vertebral Canal
Formed from all vertebrae of vertebral foramina.
87
Cervical Vertebrae
7 Smallest, except for coccyx Arches are large, contain 3 Foramina, 1 vertebral foramen and 2 transverse foramina
88
Thoracic Vertebrae
12 Larger and stronger than cervical
89
Lumbar Vertebrae
Largest and strongest of all vertebrae bones in column due to the amount of body weight by this vertebrae.
90
Sacrum
1 - triangular bone. Formed from 5 fused bones by the age o 30. Serves as strong foundation of pelvic girldle
91
Coccyx
1- also triangular bone Formed by fusion of 4 coccygeal vertebrae, fuse by age of 20-30.
92
Superior Articular Processes
Processes arise from vertebral arch 2 of a vertebra articlulate with 2 inferior processes immediately above them. Covered with hyaline cartilage.
93
Inferior Articular Processes
Processes arise from vertebral arch. Two of a vertebra articulates with two superior articular processes of the vertebra immediately below them. Covered with hyaline cartilage.
94
Sacral Promontary
Base of sacrum. Used for measurement of the pelvis.
95
Nutrient Foramina
Found in Vertebral body. Opening where blood vessels deliver nutrients and O2. Removes CO2 and wastes from bone tissue.

Biology 235 (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions