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Biology 235 > Chapter 9: Joints > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Anthology

A

Study of joints

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2
Q

Kinesiology

A

Study of motion of joints

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3
Q

Fibrous Joint

A

No synovial cavity. Bones are held together by dense irregular CT. Rich in collegian fibers.
Permit little to no movement.
Types:
1: Suture
2. Syndermosis
3. Interosseous membrane

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4
Q

Cartilaginous Joint

A

No synovial cavity. Bones are held together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
Little to no movement
3 types:
1. Syncondrosis
2. Symphyses
3.Epiphyseal cartilages

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5
Q

Synovial Joint

A

Has synovial cavity between articulating bones. Unites by dense irregular CT of articular capsule. Often accessory ligaments.
Diarthroses: freely movable joint

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6
Q

Synarthrosis

A

An immovable joint.

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7
Q

Amiphiarthrosis

A

A slight movable joint

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8
Q

Diarthrosis

A

A freely movable joint. These joints are synovial joints. Have variety of shapes and permit different types of movements.

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9
Q

Synostosis

A

Joint in which there is a complete fusion of 2 separate bones into one.

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10
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

Layer of hyaline cartilage, covers bones at synovial joint

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11
Q

Ligaments

A

Factor that holds bones close together in a synovial joint

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12
Q

Synovial Membrane

A

Inner layer of articular capsule
Secretes synovial fluid

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13
Q

Labrum

A

Fibrocartilaginous lip, extends from edge of joint socket. Prominent in ball and socket joints of shoulder and hip.

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14
Q

Bursae

A

Saclike structures filled with fluid, strategically situated to alleviate friction in synovial joints. Such as shoulder and knee joint.

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15
Q

Tendon Sheaths

A

Or synovial sheaths
Tubelike bursae. Reduce friction at joints. Wrap around certain tendons that experience friction.

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16
Q

Gliding

A

Movement of relatively flat bone surfaces back and forth and side to side over one another. Little change in angle between bones.

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17
Q

Angular

A

Increase or decrease in angle between bones

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18
Q

Flexion

A

Decrease in angle between articulating bones, usually in sagittal plane

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19
Q

Lateral Flexion

A

Movement of trunk in frontal plane

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20
Q

Extension

A

Increase in angle between articulating bones, usually in sagittal plane

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21
Q

Hyperextension

A

Extension beyond anatomical postion.

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22
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of bone away from midline, usually in frontal plane.

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23
Q

Addiction

A

Movement of bone toward midline, usually in frontal plane.

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24
Q

Cirumduction

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, abduction, and rotation in succession. Distal end of body part moves in circle.

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25
Rotation
Movement of bone around longitudinal axis. In limbs may be medial or lateral.
26
Special
Occurs at specific joints
27
Elevation
Superior movement of body part
28
Depression
Inferior movement of body part
29
Protraction
Anterior movement of body part in transverse plane
30
Retraction
Posterior movement of body part in transverse plane.
31
Inversion
Medial movement of sole
32
Eversion
Lateral movement of sole
33
Dorsiflexion
Bending foot at the ankle in direction of dorsum
34
Plantar flexion
Bending foot at the ankle in direction of plantar surface
35
Supination
Movement of forearm that turns palm anteriorly
36
Pronation
Movement of forearm that turns palm posteriorly
37
Opposition
Movement of thumb across palm to touch fingertips on same hand.
38
Triaxial (Multiaxial)
Joint that rotates in addition to sliding. permits movement in 3 axes. Back and forth, side to side, rotation Example: Plane Joint
39
Uniaxial (Monaxial)
Typically allow motion around a single (one) axis. Flexion and extension. Example: hinge joint
40
Biaxial
Freely moveable joint, permitting movement in 2 axes. Back and forth, side to side
41
Joints
Point of contact between two bones, bones and cartilage or bones and teeth.
42
Diarthroses
Freely moveable joint
43
Types of Fibrous Joints
1. Suture 2. Syndemosis 3. Interosseous membrane
44
Types of Cartilage Joints
1.Synchrondroses 2. Symphyses 3. Epiphyseal Cartilage
45
Suture
Fibrous Joint thin layer of dense CT Allows little movement in infants, no movement in adults Found in the skull Plays important role in shock absorption
46
Syndemosis
Fibrous Joint More Dense CT present than in suture Band or ligament Greater distance present between articulating joints
47
Interosseous Membrane
Fibrous Joint Sheet of Dense CT Binds neighboring long bones and permits slight movement One between radius and ulna One between tibia and fibula
48
Synchondrosis
Cartilage Joint Connecting material contains hyaline cartilage Slightly moveable to immovable
49
Symphyses
Cartilage joint Articulating bones are covered by hyaline cartilage but a flat disc of fibrous cartilage connects the bones Found only in the middle of the body
50
Epiphyseal Membrane
Cartilage joint Hyaline cartilage growth center Not a joint associated with movement
51
Articular Capsule
Sleeve like capsule, surrounds and encloses the synovial joint. Unites articulating bones.
52
Synovial Fluid
Viscous, clear to pale yellow fluid Secreted by synovial membrane Consists of hyaluronic acid and interstitial fluid formed from blood plasma Forms thin layer over surfaces with articular capsule Function: reducing joint friction, absorbs shock, supplies o2 and nutrients to chondrocytes.
53
Extracapsular Ligament
Accessory Ligament Line the outside of the capsule
54
Intracapsular Ligament
Accessory ligaments Occurs within the capsule
55
Articular Disc
Crescent shaped pads of fibrocartilage Line between articular surfaces of bones Binds strongly to inside of fibrous membrane Subdivides synovial cavity into two spaces, allows for separate movements
56
Types of Synovial Joint
Characterized by synovial cavity, articular cartilage and articular capsule (joint).
57
Temporamandibular Joint
Hinge and plane joint. Formed by condylar process and mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of temporal bone. This joint is the only freely movable joint between the skull bones
58
Shoulder Joint
Ball and socket joint Formed by head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula Contains: Coraconhumeral (strengthens) glenohumeral (Stabilizes) and transverse Humeral ligament (holds onto biceps muscles)
59
Elbow Joint
Hinge Joint Contains: Ulnar collateral (deepens socket), radial collateral (strong, extends from humerus to radius) and anular ligaments (strong, holds head of radius to ulna)
60
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Limits hyperflexion of the knee. Prevents anterior sliding of the tibia on the femur Runs diagonally in the middle of the knee.
61
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Prevent posterior sliding of the tibia when knee is flexed. Important with walking down stairs or steep incline. Located inside the knee, behind the ACL. Stronger than ACL. Extends from the rear surface of tibia to the bottom from of the femur.
62
Structural Classification of Joints
1. Presence or absence of a space between articulating joints. 2. Type of CT that binds bones together.
63
Functional Classification of Joints
Related to the degree of movement joints permit.
64
Plane Joint
Synovial joint Articulating surface flat or slightly curved. Gliding joint Biaxial Diarthroses : back/forth, side to side Some Triaxial Diarthroses: back/forth, side to side, rotation Intercarpal
65
Hinge Joint
Synovial Joint Convex surface fits into concave surface Flexion and extension joint Uniaxial Diarthroses: flexion/extension Elbow or knee
66
Pivot Joint
Synovial Joint Rounded or pointed surface. Fits into ring formed by bone and ligaments. Uniaxial Diarthrosis: rotation Neck
67
Condyloid Joint
Synovial Joint Oval shaped projection fits into oval shaped depression Biaxial Diarthrosis: flexion/extension and abduction/adduction Wrist joint
68
Saddle Joint
Synovial Joint Articular surface of one bone is saddle shaped. Other articulating bone fits into saddle. Biaxial Diarthrosis: flexion/extension and abduction/adduction Metacarpal of thumb
69
Ball and Socket joint
Synovial Joint Ball like surface fits into cup like depression Triaxial Diarthrosis: flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, rotation Shoulder and hip joints
70
Nerve Supply of Synovial Joint
Convey information about pain from joint to spinal cord and brain. Respond to degree of movement and stretch to a joint by sending impulses to the muscles to adjust body movements.
71
Blood Supply of Synovial Joint
Arteries: send out brackets that penetrate the ligament and articular capsule to deliver O2 and nutrients Veins remove CO2 and water from joints

Biology 235 (29 decks)

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