Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology 235 > Chapter 6: The Skeletal System Bone Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 6: The Skeletal System Bone Tissue Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Osteology

A

Study of bone structure and treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Long Bone

A

Has greater length than width.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hemopeoesis

A

Production of RBC, WBC and platelets in red bone marrow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bone

A

Osseous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hydroxyapatite

A

Crystal formed from Calcium phosphate combined with calcium hydroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Calcification

A

Initiated by bone building cells called osteoblasts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Compact bone

A

Strong form of bone tissue
Composed of osteons.
Contains: Lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi, osteocytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lacunae

A

Contain osteocytes. Small spaces concentric lamella in compact bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Canaliculi

A

Are filled with extracellular fluid. Radiate in all directions from lacunae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Interstitial Lamellae

A

Areas between neighboring osteons contain lamella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Transverse interostenic Canals

A

Blood vessels and nerves from the periosteum penetrates compact bone through this canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Circumferential Lamellae

A

Lamellae arrange around outer and inner circumference of shaft of long bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

External Circumferential Lamellae

A

Are directly deep to the periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Perforating (Sharpey’s) Fibers

A

Connect external circumferential Lamellae (underlying bone) to periosteum. These fibers are thick bundles of collagen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Internal Circumferential Lamellae

A

Lamellae that line the medullary cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Blood Vessels in Bone

A

Bone is rich in blood. Found in bone containing red bone marrow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ossification

A

Or osteogenesis
Process by which bone forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bone Remodeling

A

Ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bone Resorption

A

The removal of minerals and collagen fibers from bone by osteoclast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bone Deposition

A

Addition of minerals and collagen fibers to bone by osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Parathyroid Hormone

A

PTH
Increases blood ca2+level
Secretion operates via neg feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Calcitriol

A

Active form of vitamin D. Promotes absorption of calcium rich foods from GI Tract into blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Calcitonin

A

CT
Secreted by thyroid gland
Inhibits activity of osteoclasts, speeds up Ca2+ uptake by bone and accelerates its deposition into bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Osteoprogenitor Cells

Study These Flashcards
A

unspecialized bone stem cells. Derived from mesenchyme. Found in periosteum.

25
Osteoblasts
Bone building cells. Initiate calcification. Regulates calcium. Becomes osteocytes when trapped in their own secretions.
26
Osteocytes
Mature Bone cell. Main cell in bone tissue.
27
Osteoclasts
Carve out bound. Found in endosteum. Regulate calcium.
28
Bone Reabsortion
Breakdown of extracellular matrix in bone
29
Spongy Bone
Also known as: trabecular Do not contain osteons Found in interior of bones, protected by layer compact bone. Consists of: trabeculae, Lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi
30
Trabeculae
Found in Spongy bone. Lamellae arranged in irregular pattern of thin columns.
31
Vitamin A
Stimulates osteoblasts
32
Vitamin C
Synthesis collagen, main bone protein.
33
Vitamin D
Helps build bones by increasing absorption of Ca2+ from GI tract to blood.
34
Vitamin k, b12
Synthesis of Bone protein
35
Insulin Hormones
Most important: Insulin, from pancreases. Promotes bone growth by increase synthesis of bone proteins.
36
Thyroid Hormones
T3, T4: promote bone growth by stimulating osteoblasts.
37
Sex Hormones
Estrogen and androgens: increases osteoblasts activity during puberty.
38
Skeletal System Basic Function
1. Support: structural framework, supports soft tissue, provides attachment points for the tendons 2. Protection: protects internal organs from injury. 3. Assistance in movement: muscles attach to bones, when contracted pull bones to move. 4. Mineral Homeostasis: stores minerals- Ca and PO4, contributes to bone strength and bone tissue stores calcium. 5. Blood Cell Production: red bone marrow produces RBC, WBC and Platelets 6. Triglyceride Storage: yellow bone marrow consists of adipose cells to store triglycerides (potential chemical energy).
39
Diaphysis
Shaft or body. Long cylindrical main portion of body.
40
Epiphyses
Growing over. Are the proximal and distal ends of bones
41
Metaphyses
Between the diaphysis and epiphyses. Contains Epiphyseal growth plate.
42
Epiphyseal Growth Plate
Layer of hyaline cartilage. Allows diaphysis of bone to grow in length.
43
Epiphseal Line
When bone ceases to grow in length, cartilage in place is replaced by bone.
44
Articular Cartilage
Thin layer of hyaline cartilage covers epiphysis where bone forms a joint with another bone. Lacks perichondium and blood vessels.
45
Periosteum
Protection of bone, nourishment, repair and growth. Connective tissue sheath associated with blood supply. Surrounds bone surface when not covered by articular tissue. 2 layers- 1. Outer fibrous layer: dense irregular CT 2. Inner osteopenia layer: cells
46
Medullary Cavity
Or marrow cavity Hallow, cylindrical space within diaphysis. Contains fatty yellow bone marrow and blood cells. Minimizes weight of bones.
47
Endosteum
Thin membrane, lines medullary cavity Contains: single layer of bone forming cells and small amount of CT
48
Long Bone Layer from Outside to Inside
Diaphysis, periosteum, compact bone, endosteum.
49
Bone Cells in Order
1. Osteoprogenitor cells 2. Osteoblasts 3. Osteocytes 4. Osteoclasts
50
How is Spongy Bone different than Compact Bone
1. Spongy bone is light, reduces weight of bone. Allows bone to move more readily when pulled by skeletal muscle 2. The trabeculae support and protect the red bone marrow.
51
Periosteal Arteries
Enter diaphysis through interosteonic canals. Supplies periosteum and outer part of bone.
52
Nutrient Artery
Near the center of diaphysis. Passes though a hole called nutrient foramen.
53
Metaphysical Arteries
Enter metaphyses of long bone, together with nutrient artery supply red bone marrow and tissue of metaphyses.
54
Epiphyseal Arteries
Enter epiphyseal of long bone and supply red bone marrow and bone tissue of epiphyses.
55
Intramembranous Ossification
Bone formation of flat bones of skull, facial bones, mandible, clavicle and soft spots of fetal skull. 1. Development of ossification center 2. Calcification 3. Formation of trabeculae 4. Development of the periosteum
56
Endochondral Ossification
Replacement of cartilage of bone. Most bones are formed this way. 1. Development of the cartilage model 2. Growth of cartilage model 3. Development of the medullary cavity 4. Development of the secondary ossification centers 5. Formation of articular cartilage and epiphyseal growth plate
57
Growth in Length
Involves: 1. Interstitial growth of cartilage on epiphyseal side of plate 2. Replacement of cartilage on the diaphyseal side of plate
58
Red Bone Marrow
Found in CT. Produces RBC, WBC, and platelets. Consists of: developing blood cells, adipocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages within a network of reticular fibers.
59
Yellow Bone Marrow
Stores triglycerides. Potential chemical energy. Consists of: adipose cells

Biology 235 (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions