Chapter 1 - Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Question 1

Specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification

Answer 1

Microbiology

Question 2

Cellular Microorganisms are

Answer 2

Bacteria
Archaea
Fungi
Protozoa
Helminths

Question 3

Acellular Microorganisms are

Answer 3

Viruses
Prions

Question 4

Largest to smallest microorganisms

Answer 4

Helminths, Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses, and Prions

Question 5

Eukaryotic Cells (nucleus)

Answer 5

“true nucleus”

Question 6

Prokaryotes (types, nucleus)

Answer 6

Bacteria and Archaea
No true nucleus

Question 7

Another term for prokaryote cells

Answer 7

akaryotes

Question 8

Accumulation of changes that occur in organisms as they adapt to their environment

Answer 8

Evolution

Question 9

Light fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material, accompanied by the formation of oxygen

Answer 9

Photosynthesis

Question 10

Biotechnology (3 types)

Answer 10

Genetic engineering
Recombinant DNA technology
Bioremediation

Question 11

Genetic Engineering

Answer 11

Manipulates genetics - GMOs creation

Question 12

Recombinant DNA Technology

Answer 12

makes it possible to transfer genetic material from one organism to another and alter DNA

Question 13

bioremediation

Answer 13

uses microbes already present to clean up toxic pollutants

Question 14

Any agent that causes disease

Answer 14

Pathogens

Question 15

Any disease caused by a microorganism is termed

Answer 15

Infectious disease

Question 16

New Emerging/Old Emerging Diseases

Answer 16

AIDS
Hepatitis C
Zika virus
West Nile Virus
TB

Question 17

gastric ulcers are caused by

Answer 17

Helicobacter pylori

Question 18

Top causes of death that microorganisms make

Answer 18

Pneumonia and Influenza

Question 19

6 Steps of Scientific Method

Answer 19

1. Observation
2. Research
3. Form Hypothesis
4. Test Hypothesis
5. Analyze Data
6. Communicate Results

Question 20

Method used to prevent contamination with microorganisms

Answer 20

Aseptic technique

Question 21

Studies supported by the work of other scientists, became known as

Answer 21

Germ Theory of Disease

Question 22

Macromolecules (4 types)

Answer 22

Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids

Question 23

Triglycerides - Function

Answer 23

Storage

Question 24

Triglycerides are composed of

Answer 24

fatty acids + glycerol

Question 25

Phospholipids are composed of

Answer 25

Fatty acids+glycerol+phosphate

Question 26

Phospholipids are a major component of

Answer 26

cell membrane

Question 27

Waxes are composed of

Answer 27

fatty acids + alcohols

Question 28

Waxes - function

Answer 28

waterproofing

Question 29

Steroids are composed of

Answer 29

Ringed structure

Question 30

Steroids are found in

Answer 30

in membranes of eukaryotes and some bacteria

Question 31

Proteins are formed by

Answer 31

chains of amino acids

Question 32

What are enzymes part of

Answer 32

part of cell membrane, cell wall, ribosomes, antibodies

Question 33

which protein serves as structural components and perform metabolic reactions

Answer 33

enzyme

Question 34

4 types of nucleic acids

Answer 34

Purines, Pyrimidines, DNA, RNA

Question 35

Purines

Answer 35

Adenine, Guanine

Question 36

Pyrimidines

Answer 36

Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil

Question 37

DNA contains

Answer 37

deoxyribose sugar and thymine

Question 38

RNA contains

Answer 38

ribose sugar and uracil

Question 39

Different types of RNA

Answer 39

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, genetic material of viruses

Question 40

which diseases have been linked to chronic infections or microbes

Answer 40

multiple sclerosis, OCD, coronary artery disease and obesity

Question 41

Virus (composition)

Answer 41

DNA or RNA, NEVER both, protein coat and sometimes membrane

Question 42

abiogenesis

Answer 42

spontaneous generation of life

Question 43

biogenesis

Answer 43

theory that living things arise only from others of same kind

Question 44

cellulose (what is it and where is it found)

Answer 44

long, fibrous, polysaccharide cell wall of plants and many microscopic algae

Question 45

important component of culture media

Answer 45

agar

Question 46

chitin (found where)

Answer 46

cell wall found in fungi

Question 47

peptidoglycan (component of what)

Answer 47

component of bacterial cell wall

Question 48

lipopolysaccharide (component of what)

Answer 48

component of gram-negative cell wall

Question 49

protective outer layer that plays role in attachment of cells to other cells

Answer 49

glycocalyx

Question 50

phospholipids structure (head/tail)

Answer 50

hydrophilic head - negative charge hydrophobic tail - uncharged

Question 51

what reinforces the cell membrane in animal cells and cell-wall-deficient bacteria

Answer 51

cholesterol - sterol

Question 52

protein usually contain how many amino acids

Answer 52

minimum of 50 amino acids

Question 53

primary protein structure

Answer 53

type, number, and order of amino acids

Question 54

secondary protein structure

Answer 54

functional groups interact by forming hydrogen bonds (alpha helix and beta pleated sheet)

Question 55

tertiary protein structure

Answer 55

additional bonds between functional groups

Question 56

quaternary protein structure

Answer 56

when more than one polypeptide forms a large protein

Question 57

catalysts for all chemical reactions in cells

Answer 57

enzymes

Question 58

functional three-dimensional form of protein

Answer 58

native state

Question 59

disruption of the native state of a protein through application of heating agents

Answer 59

denatured protein

Question 60

pairing of nitrogen bases (DNA)

Answer 60

adenine pairs with thymine guanine pairs with cytosine

Question 61

4 fundamental Characteristics of cells

Answer 61

protoplasm in cell membrane chromosomes containing DNA Ribosomes for protein synthesis Complex in function

Question 62

Eukaryotic cells are found in

Answer 62

Animals, plants, fungi, and protozoa

Question 63

The science of classifying living being is

Answer 63

Taxonomy

Question 64

“Naming”- the assignment of scientific names to the various taxonomic categories and to individual organisms

Answer 64

Nomenclature

Question 65

orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy

Answer 65

Classification

Question 66

the process of discovering and recording the traits of organisms so that they may be recognized or named and then classified

Answer 66

Identification

Question 67

Taxonomic Categories from top to bottom

Answer 67

o Domain o Kingdom o Phylum/Division o Class o Order o Family o Genus o Species Dear King Philp Came Over For Good Soup

Question 68

The Scientific Name

Answer 68

genus + species

Question 69

The Scientific Name capitalization and abbreviation

Answer 69

genus is capitalized species part begins with a lowercase letter both should be italicized (and underlined if handwriting)