Chapter 3 - Bacteria and Archaea

Question 1

(BA) Histones

Answer 1

protein that provides structural support for a chromosome

Question 2

Bacteria Cell External - Appendages

Answer 2

Flagella, Pili, Fimbriae and Nanowires/nanotubes

Question 3

Bacteria Cell External - surface layers

Answer 3

S Layer and Glycocalyx

Question 4

Bacteria Cell Boundary (outer membrane)

Answer 4

Cell Wall and Cytoplasmic Membrane

Question 5

Bacteria - 8 internal structures

Answer 5

Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Inclusions
Nucleoid/chromosome
Cytoskeleton
Endospore
Plasmid
Microcompartments

Question 6

2 components found in all bacteria

Answer 6

1. Cell (Cytoplasmic) Membrane
2. Bacterial Chromosome or Nucleoid
3. ribosomes

Question 7

(BA) what is a thin sheet of lipid and protein that surrounds the cytoplasm and controls the flow of materials into and out of the cell pool

Answer 7

Cell (Cytoplasmic) Membrane

Question 8

what is bacterial chromosome or nucleoid composed of

Answer 8

Composed of condensed DNA molecules

Question 9

what are bacterial ribosomes composed of // what is it a site of

Answer 9

Tiny particles composed of protein and RNA that are the sites of protein synthesis

Question 10

9 components found in only some bacteria

Answer 10

1. fimbriae
2. outer membrane
3. cell wall
4. pilus
5. glycocalyx
6. plasmid
7. flagellum
8. nanotubes
9. endospore

Question 11

Fine, hairlike bristles extending from the bacterial cell surface that help in adhesion to other cells and surfaces

Answer 11

Fimbriae

Question 12

bacterial extra membrane similar to cytoplasmic membrane but also containing lipopolysaccharide

Answer 12

outer membrane

Question 13

(BA) what controls flow of materials - portions of it are toxic to mammals when released

Answer 13

outer membrane

Question 14

semirigid casing that provides structural support and shape for the bacterial cell

Answer 14

cell wall

Question 15

appendage used for drawing another bacterium close in order to transfer DNA to it

Answer 15

pilus

Question 16

(BA) coating or layer of molecules external to the cell wall. It serves protective, adhesive, and receptor functions

Answer 16

glycocalyx

Question 17

(BA) glycocalyx fitting tightly

Answer 17

capsule

Question 18

(BA) glycocalyx fitting loosely and diffusing

Answer 18

slime layer

Question 19

(BA) another term for glycocalyx

Answer 19

tan coating

Question 20

(BA) double stranded DNA circle containing extra genes

Answer 20

plasmid

Question 21

(BA) Specialized appendage attached to the cell by a basal body that holds a long, rotating filament

Answer 21

flagellum

Question 22

Membrane extensions that allow bacteria to transmit electrons or nutrients to other bacteria or onto environmental surfaces

Answer 22

nanotubes/nanowire

Question 23

Dormant body formed within some bacteria that allows for their survival in adverse conditions

Answer 23

endospore

Question 24

5 bacterial shapes

Answer 24

1. coccus (round, spherical)
2. rod/bacillus (cylindrical)
3. vibrio (curved rods)
4. spirillum (slightly curled like a corkscrew)
5. spirochete (spiral) - periplasmic flagella

Question 25

(BA) what is it called when rod is short and plump

Answer 25

coccobacillus

Question 26

(BA) diplococcus arrangement

Answer 26

two cells

Question 27

(BA) Streptococcus arrangement

Answer 27

variable number of cocci in chains

Question 28

(BA) tetrad cocci arrangement

Answer 28

cocci in packets of four

Question 29

(BA) irregular clusters - cocci arrangement and example

Answer 29

number of cells varies (ex. MRSA)

Question 30

(BA) what are appendages divided into

Answer 30

two groups that provide motility (flagella and axial filaments) and attachments points (fimbriae, pili, and nanotubes/nanowires)

Question 31

(BA) capacity of a cell to swim freely through an aqueous habitat

Answer 31

motility

Question 32

(BA) helical structure composed of proteins

Answer 32

filament

Question 33

(BA) Monotrichous meaning

Answer 33

With a single Flagellum

Question 34

(BA) small bunches or tufts or flagella emerging from the same site

Answer 34

Lophotrichous

Question 35

(BA) With flagella at both poles of the cell

Answer 35

Amphitrichous

Question 36

(BA) flagella are dispersed randomly over the surface of the cell

Answer 36

Peritrichous

Question 37

(BA) Chemical Signals (A type of Behavior)

Answer 37

Chemotaxis

Question 38

(BA) Type of internal Flagellum that is enclosed between which 2 structures

Answer 38

Periplasmic Flagella - between the cell wall and the cytoplasmic membrane

Question 39

bacterial surface appendages that provide some type of attachment

Answer 39

Pilus/Fimbriae

Question 40

(BA) channels used for nutrient or energy exchange

Answer 40

Nanotubes/Nanowires

Question 41

(BA) partial transfer of DNA from one cell to another

Answer 41

Conjugation

Question 42

(BA) what prevents phagocytosis and makes more pathogens

Answer 42

capsule

Question 43

encapsulated bacterial cells generally have greater what

Answer 43

disease-causing abilities

Question 44

Bacteria that stain purple are called

Answer 44

gram-positive

Question 45

Bacteria that stan red (really pink) are called

Answer 45

gram-negative

Question 46

(BA) Different results in the Gram Stain are due to

Answer 46

differences in the agents applied to the cell

Question 47

(BA) steps in the gram stain

Answer 47

1. crystal violet 2. gram's iodine 3. alcohol 4. safranin (red dye)

Question 48

(BA) The Gram-Negative Outer Membrane contains

Answer 48

specialized polysaccharides and proteins

Question 49

(BA) each gram-negative outer membrane is a bilayer of

Answer 49

phospholipids

Question 50

bacterial/archaea cytoplasmic membrane is a site for

Answer 50

energy reactions, nutrient processing, synthesis, transport regulation, discharge of waste