Chapter 1 Psychology Flashcards
Naive Realism
We assume that we see the world precisely as it actually is in truth.
Cognitive Biases
Systematic errors in thinking.
What is science not a body of?
Knowledge.
Science begins with empiricism…
This is the premise that knowledge should be acquired by rigorous observation.
Scientific theory
An explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world.
Hypothesis
A scientific prediction, often based on theory, which can be tested.
Psychology is the scientific study of…
the mind, brain, and behavior.
Metaphysical claims
Non-testable assertions that fall outside the realm of science.
What is Pseudoscience?
A set of claims that seem scientific, but aren’t. (Not supported by evidence)
A warning sign of pseudoscience
Ad hoc immunizing hypotheses.
Apophenia
Finding connections among unrelated or random phenomena.
Pareidolia
Seeing meaningful images in meaningless visual stimuli.
Opportunity cost
Investment of time, energy, and effort in a questionable treatment can lead people to forfeit chances to obtain effective treatment.
Dualism
The belief that mind and body are different kinds of “substance”.
Monism
The belief that everything in the universe consists of a single “substance”.
